中国湖相沉积物重力流研究的过去、现在与未来

深水重力流沉积领域是当前全球油气勘探与研究的热点,陆相盆地深水重力流沉积研究在我国已有50年历程,大致可以分为3个阶段,即浊流理论探索与发展阶段（1970—1980年）、浊流理论工业化应用阶段（1990—2000年）和砂质碎屑流研究阶段（2010年以后）。近10年来,随着国际深水沉积理论的发展与我国油气勘探技术的进步,湖盆深水沉积研究工作进展迅速,涌现出了大量的新成果、新认识,主要包括以下4个方面: 1）湖盆中央深水区至少存在浊流、异重流、砂质碎屑流及底流4种类型的重力流与牵引流沉积;2）湖盆中不同类型的流体在搬运与沉积过程中存在互相转化,形成混合事件层（Hybrid Event Bed）;3）建立了湖相砂质碎屑流搬运—沉积过程的鉴别标志—— “泥包砾”结构（Mud-coated intraclasts）;4）地震沉积学理论与技术方法在湖相重力流内部沉积单元解剖、湖盆深水沉积模式建立等方面取得巨大成功。展望未来,为适应油气工业勘探开发需求,湖盆深水沉积研究发展趋势主要有5个方面: 1）深水砂体成因类型划分、搬运—沉积过程及沉积模式的建立与完善;2）深水泥页岩（细粒沉积）成因机理、类型划分及其油气意义研究;3）深水沉积“源—汇”系统与地震响应及评价预测研究;4）深水沉积搬运—沉积过程实验模拟研究;5）新的深水沉积理论体系建立及其在油气勘探开发中的应用。

The Past,Present and Future of Research on Deep-water Sedimentary Gravity Flow in Lake Basins of China

Deep-water gravity flow deposition is the hotspot of current global oil and gas exploration and research. The study of deep-water gravity flow sedimentation in continental basins in China has been conducted over the past 50 years. It has occurred in three stages:exploration and development of turbidity flow theory (1970-1980s);the industrial application of turbidity flow theory (1990-2000);and sandy debris flow (since 2010). In the past decade,with the development of international deep-water deposition theory and the progress of oil and gas exploration technology in China,research on deep-water sedimentation in lacustrine basins has progressed rapidly and a great deal of new achievements and new understandings have emerged. There are mainly four aspects: (1)There are at least four kinds of gravity flow and traction flow deposition in the deep waters of the center of a lacustrine basin:turbidity flow,hyperpycnal flow,sandy debris flow and bottom flow. (2)Transformations of different types of fluids in the lacustrine occur during the processes of transportation and deposition,forming a hybrid event bed. (3)It has been established that the presence of mud-coated intraclasts indicates sediment transport in lacustrine sandy debris flows. (4)The theories and techniques of seismic sedimentology have been widely used in the analysis of internal sedimentary units of lacustrine gravity flow and to establish sedimentary models in deep-water lacustrine basins,and have achieved great success. Looking to the future,in order to meet the exploration and development needs of the oil and gas industry,the research and development trends of deep-water sediments in lacustrine basins are mainly as follows: (a)the genetic type division of deepwater sandbody,the transportation-deposition process,and the establishment and improvement of it sedimentary model; (b)the genetic mechanism,type division and its significance to oil and gas in deep-water shale (fine sediments); (c)studies of "source-sink" systems and seismic response and evaluation and prediction; (d)experimental simulation of the process of transportation-sedimentation of deep-water sediments;and (e)the establishment of new theories about systems of deep-water deposition and their application in oil and gas exploration and development.