中国含油气盆地碎屑岩低渗透储层的特征及形成机理

运用了大量勘探的实际数据,分析了低渗透储层在中国石油勘探中的地位,无疑低渗透储层的油气藏无论在东部还是西部都是当前和今后一段时间内中国石油勘探的主战场。因此,对低渗透油气储层的研究将是我们储层研究工作的重点,必须引起研究人员充分的重视。文章研究和总结了中国低渗透储层特点,认为具有沉积物偏细、沉积物结构和矿物成熟度低、储层物性差、孔喉半径小、基质渗透率低、成岩差异大、应力敏感性强、裂缝比较发育以及宏观和微观上非均质性强的特点。针对上述特点作者分析了其形成原因,认为沉积环境是主要的控制因素之一,特别是在近似夷平面上沉积的含煤沉积地层最易形成低孔低渗的特点,并分析了煤系地层低孔低渗的成因;同时,沉积后的成岩作用 (包括成岩的原始物质、成岩的强弱、成岩的性质和成岩流体的性质等 )和构造作用 (包括构造的抬升、侧向的变形、侧向压力、方向,断裂的发育和断裂发育后流体的运移等 )也是重要的成因之一。本文的研究和总结将对今后在低孔低渗的储层中进行勘探和开发具有一定的指导和参考作用。

Characteristics and Mechanism of Low Permeability Clastic Reservoir in Chinese Petroliferous Basin

Large amount of data are used to analyze the role of low permeability reservoir in petroleum exploration of China. There is no doubt that low permeability reservoir is the main field of petroleum exploration at present and in future whether in East China or West China. So we must pay full attention to the study on it. The characteristics of low permeability reservoir are summed up in the paper. They are thin sediment, low textural maturity and compositional maturity, bad reservoir properties, low porosity and permeability, small pore throat size, great difference of diagenesis, intense stress sensibility, developed fractures and strong heterogeneity. In view of those characteristics, the authors analyze the mechanism of low permeability reservoir and think that sedimentary environment is the main cause, especially for the strata bearing coal near planation surface. In addition, diagenesis and tectonism are two of the main factors. The paper will play certain guidance and reference roles in the exploration and development of low permeability reservoir in the future.