藏北地区自然灾害及其防治--以巴青县-索县地区为例

巴青县-索县地处西藏那曲地区NE部，唐古拉山山脉两翼，是青藏高原上的高原。区内高寒缺氧，交通不便，自然条件恶劣，灾害活动频繁、生态环境脆弱。文章以1／25万《仓来拉幅》区域地质调查过程中实地获得的灾害调查资料为依据，将研究区15635km^2范围内的自然灾害划分为11类。其中，鼠兔灾、草场退化、风灾及雷雨冰雹是全区普遍的灾害类型；土壤盐渍化、荒漠化、水质成化在唐古拉山以北尤为严重；雪灾、雪崩集中于唐古拉山及其南侧终年积雪区，洪涝灾害、泥石流主要发育于唐古拉山南部的藏北高山深谷区。文章综合分析了各类自然灾害形成因素，指出灾害的演化趋势不容乐观。当务之急应采取有效措施和政策，变被动为主动，开展多种形式防灾减灾知识宣传活动，及早成立专业机构对区内灾害进行全面深入的调查研究，探索其发生发展规律，针对不同的灾害类型采取切实的防灾治灾措施，将灾害造成的损失降低到最低程度。

Natural disaster and its prevention in the North Tibet--a case study of Baqing County-Suoxian County

Located in the wing of Tanggula Mountain and in the east of Naqu region, Baqing-Suoxian is plateau of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It is very cold, lacking oxygen, inconvenience traffic and frangible environment in this area. On the basis of datum of regional geology survey, natural disasters in the range of 15635km~2 research area can be divided into 11 types. Ochotona uraoniae disaster, grass degradation, wind, thunderstorm and hail are pervasive disaster types in Baqing-Suoxian area. Soil salinization, desertification, and water salinization are especially serious in the north of Tanggula Mountain. Snow disaster, snowslip are mainly on Tanggula Mountain and its southern region. Flood disaster and debris flow occur frequently at the alp coulee area in the North of Tibet. Analyzing the formation factors synthetically, this paper indicates that evolution trend of the natural disaster is not optimistic. The urgent tasks are to adopt available measures and policies to prevent the disasters, to change passivity into initiative, to set up a special institution as early as possible to carry through the investigation for the natural disaster completely and deeply. We should adopt suitable measures of prevention and cure to different types of disaster, in order to minimize the loss of the natural disaster.