大面积采动矿区水环境灾害特征及防治措施

矿山采动前后,相应伴生水系调整和水体污染,产生水环境灾害。以阜新新邱矿区为研究对象,在对环境地质情况调查分析基础上,主要从水资源流失、废旧地下采场和露天矿坑积水、矿区地表和地下水质污染等方面探讨了矿区水环境灾害的形成及特征。大面积的开采,造成矿区水资源流失严重,矿山停采后,地下水位逐渐恢复;废旧地下采场和露天矿坑形成的积水,在入渗过程中,通过运移累积、吸附转化、溶解解析和离子交换等水岩作用对地下水产生污染;矿区矿井抽排水和河流水质污染物不同程度超标。针对矿山水环境灾害,建议采用矿山地质环境治理、修建防排水及净水设施、水环境监测等手段进行防治,以使矿区环境得到根本改善。

Characteristic analysis and prevention measures of water environment disasters in large area mining stratum

The large area mining stratum will induce water environment disasters,and the corresponding associated with water system adjustment and water pollution pre and post mining.Based on investigation and analysis to environmental geology,taking Xinqiu mine area of Fuxin city as the object of study,the paper introduced formation and features of water environment disasters,such as water resource running off,water accumulated in the goaf and open pit coal mine,surface water and underground water pollution,and so on.The result shows : water resource outflow is serious because of the large area mining stratum,and groundwater level recovered gradually;water accumulated in the goaf and open pit coal mine bring groundwater pollution by the water rock interactions such as migration & accumulation,adsorption & transformation,dissolution & desorption and ion exchange;water quality of drainage and rivers in the mining area has exceeded the allowable standards.Some means that mining geological environment control,construction of water supply and drainage facilities,water environment monitoring were put forward to prevent the water environment disasters.