山东黄河北矿区土壤盐渍化特征分析

为了研究黄河北矿区土壤盐渍化现状及特征，采用野外调查、钻探、现场采样和室内分析测试等手段获取了土壤盐分含量和地下水特征数据，分析了区内土壤盐分含量、空间分布、垂向变化及与浅层地下水的相互关系。结果显示，研究区土壤主要以潜在盐渍土和轻度盐渍土为主，土壤盐分中阴离子以重碳酸根和硫酸根离子为主，阳离子以钠和钙离子为主。土壤垂向上显示表聚性（0～20 cm），表层盐渍化严重，深部盐渍化程度有所降低。研究区土壤盐渍土与浅层地下水存在内在的自然的直接关系，土壤全盐量与地下水中溶解性总固体(TDS)含量呈明显正相关关系，而与浅层地下水位埋深呈负相关关系。研究区煤炭的开发利用，将加剧和恶化土壤盐渍化程度，煤炭的开采需要合理确定地表塌陷的程度，以此来倒逼煤炭的开采开发模式，从而减缓土壤盐渍化程度。

Soil salinization characteristics in Huanghebei mining area

In order to study the current soil salinization characteristics in the Huanghebei mining area, field survey in situ sampling and indoor testing were adopted to study the soil salinity content, spatial distribution, vertical variation and the correlation between shallow groundwater and soil salinization. The results show that the soil is mainly composed of potential saline soil and slightly saline soil, the anions in the soil are mainly bicarbonate and sulfate ions, and the cations are mainly sodium and calcium ions. Soil shows surface aggregation vertically, surface salinization is serious, salinization degree is reduced in the deep. There is an inherent natural direct relationship between the saline soil and the shallow groundwater. The total salt content in the soil is obviously positively correlated with the total dissolved solid content in the groundwater, while it is negatively correlated with the depth of the shallow groundwater level. The development and utilization of coal mining in the study area will aggravate the degree of soil salinization and the coal mining needs to be reasonably determined according to the degree of surface collapse, so as to reducing the degree of soil salinization.