浅部开采地面塌陷对井下危害及防治

全面调查了某矿浅部开采地面塌陷坑的形成条件及存在状态，采用模糊聚类分析方法对地面塌陷坑进行了科学的分类，分析了塌陷特征及其对井下危害程度，提出了消除塌陷坑对井下危害、恢复矿区生态环境的防治目标及具体原则，研制出地面塌陷坑治理的四种方案，即①排除积水，构筑隔水层；②煤矸石充填塌陷坑复垦土地；③利用塌陷坑发展养殖；④因地制宜，综合治理。通过方案的实施，彻底消除了塌陷坑对井下的危害，地面生态环境得以恢复，取得了理想的治理效果和经济社会效益。

Harmfulness of the land collapse for Mine Safety in Shallow Mining and Its Prevention

The forming condition and existing state of land collapse basinsfor shallow mining in a coal mine were investigated completely in this paper.The land collapse basins were divided into three types by use of the clustering analysis of fuzzy mathematics.The characteristics of surface subsidence and its harmfulness for the mine safety were analyzed.The preventive goal and principle to dispel the harmfulness of the land collapse for mine safety and to resume the environment of minefield were put forward.Four projects for harnessing land collapse basins were researched,namely ①removal of water from the collapse basin and the water-resisting layer establishment;②subsidence basin reclamation;③subsidence basin for cultivating;④synthetic measures taken to suit local conditions.Through the implementation of these projects,the harmfulness of the surface subsidence for miness safety was dispelled completely and the environment of minefield was resumed.The ideal results and the social and economic benefits were gained.