贵州矿山地质灾害类型及其基本特征

贵州是矿产资源大省,随着全省矿产开发利用规模、强度的不断扩大和提高,不可避免地带来了一系列的矿山环境地质问题的出现,其中矿山地质灾害数量多、分布广,其危害和威胁最为严重。根据实地调查结果,贵州省矿山地质灾害主要发育有采空地面塌(沉)陷、滑坡、崩塌(危岩)、泥石流和矿坑突水五类。其中,采空地面塌(沉)陷分布最广、造成的直接经济损失最严重,滑坡和崩塌频发、造成的人员伤亡最大。本文基于实际调查数据,从地质环境条件、矿种、矿山开采规模和开采方式等方面,分析论述了贵州省矿山地质灾害的主要类型、发育分布特征及其危害特点。

Geological hazards types induced by mining and their characteristics in Guizhou province

Guizhou is a main province with variety of mineral resources.A series of environmental geological problems appeared with expanding and boosting of mineral resources scale and strength were developed and utilized in Guizhou province.Extensive mine geological hazard were distributed widely,their damaging and threatenning are the severest.According to the results of surveying,there are five geological hazards in Guizhou province.Geological hazards by mining,ground surface collapse by extract mining,landslide,debris flow,pit water burst.Among these problems,ground surface collapse by extract mining distributed most widely and the directing economic loss is the severest.Landslide and collapse happened frequently,leading to casualties is the biggest.According to the actual survey data,geological environment condition,the type of mine,mine scale and mine pattern,this paper described types,distribution and damage of the geological hazards induced by mining in Guizhou povince.