广州市地面塌陷分布特征与人为致灾因子分析

广州市地面塌陷频繁发生,近10年来呈波动式上升趋势。其塌陷类型分为岩溶塌陷和工程地面塌陷两种,岩溶塌陷主要分布在广花盆地的花都区、白云区,工程地面塌陷主要分布在主城区。地面塌陷孕灾环境复杂、致灾因子多样,承灾体脆弱,灾害后果严重,人为因素是地面塌陷的主要诱发因素。岩溶塌陷主要是由于过量抽取地下水或矿山疏干排水、地下采空、暴雨触发所致;工程塌陷主要是人类工程行为所致,其主要致灾因子包括排水疏干与突水（突泥）作用、人工加载、人工振动、人工开挖桩基、地表渗水、地铁等地下工程盾构掘进等。

Mechanism and temporal-spatial distribution of ground collapse in Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province

Ground collapse is one of the major types of geological disasters, which do serious harm to the national economy and people＇s lives and property and hamper the sustainable development. Guangzhou is located in Pearl River delta. Ground collapse has been very serious. Complex geology environment and active fault structure and drastic human activity lead to this situation. Ground collapse in Guangzhou has some obvious characters such as latentness, regionality, sociality and loss graveness. Ground collapse in Guangzhou is divided into two types： karst collapse and human-engineering collapse, the former has large amount but the later has the most serious losses. In recent years, the losses of ground collapse disaster in Guangzhou have ridden the growing trend. Human activity is one of the main factors. In Guanghua basin karst collapse is mainly due to excessively pumping of groundwater, mining or heavy rains; human-engineering collapse in main urban attributes primarily due to human activity including drainage role, artificial loading, artificial vibration, artificial excavating, surface water seepage or subway construction.