Environmental effect and genetic influence: a regional cancer predisposition survey in the Zonguldak region of Northwest Turkey |
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Authors: | Selahattin Kadir A Piril Önen-Hall S Nihal Aydin Cengiz Yakicier Nurten Akarsu Murat Tuncer |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Geological Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey;(2) Department of Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey;(3) General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), 26480 Ankara, Turkey;(4) Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey;(5) Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology, Gene Mapping Laboratory, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey;(6) The Ministry of Health Cancer Control Department, Ankara, Turkey |
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Abstract: | The Cretaceous-Eocene volcano-sedimentary units of the Zonguldak region of the western Black Sea consist of subalkaline andesite
and tuff, and sandstone dominated by smectite, kaolinite, accessory chlorite, illite, mordenite, and analcime associated with
feldspar, quartz, opal-CT, amphibole, and calcite. Kaolinization, chloritization, sericitization, albitization, Fe–Ti-oxidation,
and the presence of zeolite, epidote, and illite in andesitic rocks and tuffaceous materials developed as a result of the
degradation of a glass shards matrix, enclosed feldspar, and clinopyroxene-type phenocrysts, due to alteration processes.
The association of feldspar and glass with smectite and kaolinite, and the suborientation of feldspar-edged, subparallel kaolinite
plates to fracture axes may exhibit an authigenic smectite or kaolinite. Increased alteration degree upward in which Al, Fe,
and Ti are gained, and Si, Na, K, and Ca are depleted, is due to the alteration following possible diagenesis and hydrothermal
activities. Micromorphologically, fibrous mordenite in the altered units and the presence of needle-type chrysotile in the
residential buildings in which cancer cases lived were detected. In addition, the segregation pattern of cancer susceptibility
in the region strongly suggested an environmental effect and a genetic influence on the increased cancer incidence in the
region. The most likely diagnosis was Li-Fraumeni syndrome, which is one of the hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes;
however, no mutations were observed in the p53 gene, which is the major cause of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The micromorphology
observed in the altered units in which cancer cases were detected may have a role in the expression of an unidentified gene,
but does not explain alone the occurrence of cancer as a primary cause in the region. |
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Keywords: | Alteration minerals Genetic influence Geochemistry Health effects Mineralogy Turkey Volcanosedimentary units Zonguldak |
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