陆相断陷盆地源—汇系统要素表征及研究展望

源—汇系统是指剥蚀地貌形成的物源通过搬运路径到汇水盆地分散沉积下来的动力学系统，在地球科学领域具重要研究意义。源—汇系统包含物源、搬运路径和沉积体系3个重要组成要素，必须把3个要素作为一个系统过程来研究，才能完整地认识地球表层的动力学过程及其演化。陆相断陷盆地是我国重要的含油气沉积盆地类型，笔者等系统地分析了陆相断陷盆地结构特征，其内部陡坡带与缓坡带作为断陷盆地独立的次级构造单元，形成过程和地貌结构存在差异，进而导致相应源—汇系统要素也存在差异性。根据源汇系统耦合要素可将断陷盆地不同构造带源—汇系统类型划分为近源—短轴—浊积扇型、近源—短轴—冲积扇/扇三角洲型和远源—长轴—湖泊三角洲型3种类型，其中陡坡带主要发育近源—短轴—浊积扇型、近源—短轴—冲积扇/扇三角洲型两种源—汇系统耦合类型；缓坡带和盆地长轴方向主要发育远源—长轴—湖泊三角洲型源汇系统耦合类型。未来源—汇系统研究将通过多学科、多方法开展综合研究，聚焦深时物源体系、搬运通道和分散体系研究，强调源—汇系统要素定量表征及其耦合响应关系，预测规模性有利沉积砂体，为沉积矿产勘探开发提供预测性模型和地质基础。

Characterization and research prospect of source- to- sink system elements in continental rift basin

Source- to- sink system refers to the dynamic system in which the source formed by denudation landform is dispersed and deposited in the catchment basin through the transportation. It has important research significance in the field of Geoscience. The source- to- sink system consists of three important elements: source, transportation and sedimentary system. Only by studying the three elements as a systematic process can we fully understand the dynamic process and evolution of the earth''s surface. Continental rift basin is an important type of petroliferous sedimentary basin in China. In this paper, the structural characteristics of continental rift basin are systematically analyzed. As an independent secondary structural unit of faulted basin, the internal steep slope zone and gentle slope zone are different in formation process and geomorphic structure, which leads to the differences in the elements of corresponding source sink system. According to the coupling elements of source- to- sink system, the types of source sink system in different structural zones of the rift basin can be divided into three types: nearby source- short axis- turbidite fan type, nearby source- short axis- alluvial fan / fan delta type and far source- long axis- lacustrine delta type. Two types of source- to- sink system coupling types, nearby source- short axis- turbidite fan type and nearby source- short axis- alluvial fan / fan delta type, are mainly developed in the steep slope zone; In the gentle slope zone and the long axis direction of the basin, the source- to- sink system coupling type of far source- long axis- lacustrine delta type is mainly developed. In the future, the source- to- sink system research will carry out comprehensive research through multiple disciplines and methods, focus on the deep- seated source system, transportation and dispersion system, emphasize the quantitative characterization of source- to- sink system elements and their coupling response relationship, predict large- scale favorable sedimentary sand bodies, and provide predictive models and geological basis for the exploration and development of sedimentary minerals.