遥感生物地球化学找金矿方法研究进展

总结了金矿的生物地球化学性质、植物的生物地球化学效应特征以及其波谱和遥感影像特征，以及利用遥感图像处理提取生物地球化学效应引起的植被光谱异常信息的专题信息提取方法。研究表明，在金矿区上生长的植物对金及伴生元素有较强的吸收和聚积作用，植物明显受到生物地球化学效应的毒化作用；金及伴生元素的过量吸收，使植物叶片中的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量、水含量和叶面温度相应降低；植物叶片细胞结构发生变异，叶冠波谱反射率和波形等光谱特征明显变化；在遥感图像上，金矿区的植被表现出异常特征信息。这些信息可以作为在植被区寻找隐伏矿床的遥感生物地球化学找矿的标志。利用遥感生物地球化学的理论和技术方法，从遥感数据中分析金矿的植被图像特征，提取与金矿化有关的植被异常特征信息，可以优先出金矿化遥感异常区，并列举了几个应用实例。同时，指出了需加强该领域的理论和应用研究，为广大植被覆盖地区寻求一种快速有效的探矿方法。

PROGRESS IN STUDY ON METHODS OF PROSPECTING FOR GOLD DEPOSIT USING REMOTE SENSING BIOGEOCHEMISTRY

This paper deals with the biogeochemical properties of gold deposit, biogeochemical effects on plants and the characteristic of the spectral reflectance and remote sensing image, and the abstraction methods of specialized information of extracting the abnormal feature of biogeochemical effect using remote sensing image processing. The results prove that Au and associated elements were intensely absorbed and accumulated by plants in the gold mining area. The plants in the area have been evidently poisoned by Au and associated elements. Excessive absorption of Au and associated elements makes that the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and water of leaf, and leaf surface temperature are lower than the background values. The cell structure and tissue of leaf variared in the gold deposit area. The spectral characteristics of leaves of plants are obviously different. The images of remote sensing show the abnormal characteristic information on spectra of leaves. These evidences can be used as the indicators of gold biogeochemical remote sensing for exploration of concealed gold deposit in vegetable area. The gold mineralized areas are exemplified to explain how to extract abnormally information related to gold mineralization from remote sensing and biogeochemical survey, and some applied examples of prospecting for ore deposits were given in the paper. At the same time, some research fields both in theory and application of remote sensing biogeochemistry have also been emphasized, and the fast and effective methods of prospecting for deposits have been explored in the vast vegetation regions.