河川径流遥感监测研究进展

河川径流参数是用于地表水资源评估、全球变化监测和生态环境保护的基础数据.现有的河川径流监测数据基于水文监测站点获取.近年来,受经济和政治原因的影响,全球水文监测站点在逐渐减少.随着全球变化研究对区域乃至全球水文监测数据需求的增加,监测站点有限及监测数据格式多样等问题逐渐凸显.过去15年,卫星遥感技术在河川径流监测领域的研究和应用实践,使上述问题的解决成为了可能.总结了河川径流遥感监测方法和技术研究进展,包括地基高低频雷达、航空航天雷达和多光谱卫星遥感监测3个方面;介绍了全球大型河川径流与湖泊水体动态监测重大应用成果及未来研究计划.指出在未来具有全天时、全天候,高时空分辨率,以及多水文要素探测能力遥感卫星发射之前,应充分利用遥感野外观测实验,完善河川径流监测技术方法,并综合应用已有高时空分辨率的多光谱和微波遥感数据,开展径流监测应用研究.

Progress in River Runoff Monitoring by Remote Sensing

River runoff parameters are the basic data used for surface water resource assessment, global change monitoring and ecological environment protection. The traditional river runoff parameters are obtained by gauging stations. However, due to the economic and political reasons, in recent years, the global runoff gauging stations has gradually decreased. As the increasing demand of regional and global hydrological monitoring network construction for global change research, the issues of limited gauging stations and a variety of data formats become apparent. Over the past 15 years, the research and application of satellite remote sensing technologies to river runoff monitoring have made it possible to resolve the above-mentioned issues. The paper summarized the progress of the methods and technologies about the river runoff remote sensing monitoring including the ground high-frequency and low-frequency radar, aerospace radar and multi-spectral satellite remote sensing, and introduced the dynamic monitoring results of the world′s large river runoff and lake water, and the future research plans. It pointed out that, before the hydrological remote sensing satellites with the capability of monitoring the earth′s surface in all weather conditions, day or night, and with high spatial and temporal resolution, was launched, it is necessary to make great use of the field remote sensing experiment to improve the river runoff monitoring methods, and to integratedly apply the current high spatial and temporal multi-spectral and microwave remote sensing data to monitor the river runoff.