热柱、超级热柱及其成因的研究进展

从20世纪地幔热柱假说问世，经过30多年的发展，在地幔热柱的全球分布、鉴别特征、形态学和成因理论方面都有了长足的进步。特别是通过下地幔不均匀性的研究，发现了下地幔中存在的超级热柱和下地幔底层中的超低速带，为探讨热柱成因提供了重要依据。

DEVELOPMENT OF STUDIES OF PLUME, SUPERPLUME AND THEIR ORIGIN

In the last thirties years great advances of the studies of mantle plumes have been made. Based on the depth of origin, the mantle plumes have been subdivided into three groups. These are deep plume, transition zone origin plume and uppermantle plume. In this paper the criteria used to diagnose deep plumes and transition zone origin plumes are induced. The distribution of these plumes around the Earth surface and their shape are described. In addition, the superplumes in lower mantle and ultra-low velocity zones in mostly lower mantle found by the investigation of seismic tomography give an important evidence for the origin of plumes.