区域中尺度模式云微物理参数化方案特征及其在中国的适用性

云微物理参数化方案在数值模式中起着重要的作用,是影响数值天气预报和气候预测准确性的最大因素。系统回顾了中尺度数值模式中云微物理参数化方案的研究进展,并统计分析了最近十余年云微物理参数化方案在中国范围内的敏感性试验研究成果。Lin方案和Rutledge-Hobbs方案奠定了中尺度模式中云微物理参数化方案的基础,其他方案都是直接或间接在这2个方案的基础上从多方面改进而形成的。这些改进主要体现在:①水凝物粒子分类数目;②冰核活化;③粒子谱分布描述函数;④粒子谱截距的取值;⑤粒子间相互转换阈值大小的设定。中国范围内云微物理参数化方案敏感性试验研究成果统计表明,使用WRF模式中Lin方案的模拟效果较好,MM5模式采用Goddard和Reisner方案效果较好。

A Study of Characteristics of the Cloud Microphysical Parameterization Schemes in Mesoscale Models and Its Applicability to China

Cloud microphysical scheme plays a significant role in cloud and precipitation simulation, and it is however one of the main error originations in predictions. An overview of the progresses in the cloud microphysical parameterization in mesoscale models has been done, and a statistical analysis of the sensitivity experiment results on the microphysical parameterization schemes over China have been performed. The Lin and Rutledge Hobbs schemes lay a solid foundation for the development of cloud microphysical parameterization, and all later developed schemes were directly or indirectly based on the Lin and Rutledge Hobbs schemes with some improvements. These improvements mainly include:①number of hydrometeor classicication; ②ice nucleation; ③hydrometeor particle size distributions; ④given values of intercept for the hydrometeor particle size distributions, and ⑤the threshold values for autoconversion processes. According to the statistical results, the Lin scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model performed well in simulations, and the Goddard and Reisner schemes in the PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) simulated well.