数字黑河的思考与实践3:模型集成

介绍了"数字黑河"模型集成研究的进展.①流域科学研究中的模型集成由发展流域集成模型和建模环境这2个主题所构成,前者可概括为"水-土-气-生-人"集成模型,后者是支持集成模型的高效开发的软件工具,注重于应用先进的信息技术为建模提供支撑.②将模型集成分为知识途径和技术途径,讨论了建模环境在模型集成中的作用,以及科学模型和流域管理模型的关系.③回顾了黑河流域模型集成的总体目标是发展两种类型的集成模型,其中第一种回应科学目标,是地球系统模型在流域尺度上的具体体现,以建成能够综合反映流域水文-生态-经济相互作用的模型为标志;第二种集成模型回应管理目标,以建成空间显式的流域水资源决策支持系统为目标.④对黑河流域已有的水文、地下水、水资源、陆面过程、土地利用、生态、社会经济与生态经济建模工作做了系统的综述.⑤分析了黑河流域集成模型研究中存在的问题和所面临的挑战.

Digital Heihe River Basin.3:Model Integration

This paper provides an overview of model integration in the Digital Heihe River Basin research initiative. ①It could be concluded that model integration plays a backbone role in watershed science. It mainly consists of two themes. One is to develop an integrated watershed model, which should be capable of representing the processes of water-soil-atmosphere-biosphere-human continuum and the interactions among them. The other is to built a modeling environment, which should focus on giving software support for efficient and effective model integration with advanced information and computational techniques. ②It is proposed that the model integration can be implemented in two approaches. The first is defined as the intellective approach, through which the physics of different components of model or module could be completely coupled to form a new model. The second is defined as the technical approach, through which models or modules could be integrated through data exchange interfaces, remaining the core of each model untouched. The importance of the modeling environment to model integration and the relationship between the watershed management model and the scientific model are discussed. ③The overall goal of model integration initiative in the Heihe River Basin is to develop two types of integrated models. One is for scientific purposes, which should be a localization of the Earth system model in the Heihe River Basin and features as a comprehensive model on hydrology, ecology, and economy as well as their interactions at a basin scale. The other is for management purposes, which should target at building a spatially explicit decision support system for integrated river basin water resource management. ④Existing researches on modeling hydrology, groundwater, water resources, land surface processes, land use, ecology, social economics and ecological economics in the Heihe River Basin are summarized. ⑤Bottlenecks in building an integrated model for the Heihe River Basin are addressed.