基于生态重建的宁东煤炭基地土壤环境质量评价

从环境保护和生态重建的角度出发,通过环境土壤样品采集测试,分析评价了宁东煤炭基地土壤环境质量现状,并与2007年调查资料对比,研究近10年来采煤对区域生态环境的影响。分析发现,区内土壤基本未受到煤炭开采诱发的重金属污染,只在已投产的清水营矿区和积家井矿区存在Cd和As的点源污染;与2007年相比,区内土壤各元素离散程度均有1～4倍的增加(Cr、P除外),表现为元素含量极大值点增多,但增幅不大,区内土壤依然低Se,缺P、N、富K,有机质仅在灵武—鸳鸯湖矿区一带略显富足。评价结果表明,植物生长所必需的N、P、K和有机质含量较10年前有所改善;尽管土壤基本未受到重金属污染影响,但Cd、As和Pb有轻度累积,应予以重视。评价结果可为宁东煤炭基地资源开发和生态重建提供依据。

Quality evaluation of soil based on the ecological reconstruction in Ningdong coal base

From the perspective of environmental protection and ecological reconstruction, the authors used the collection and testing of environmental soil samples to compare and analyze the effects of coal mining on the regional ecological environment, and evaluated the current status of the soil quality. Through analysis, the authors found that the degree of dispersion of all elements in the soil has been increased by 1-4 times (except for Cr, Hg, and P) as compared with things in 2007, which exhibits an increase in the maximum value of element content; nevertheless, the increase is limited, and this area is still low in selenium, nitrogen and phosphorus, and rich in potassium. Moreover, the study area is not substantially contaminated by heavy metals induced by coal mining, with only existence of a very few points of source contaminations of Cd and As. The evaluation results can provide a basis for the development of resources and ecological reconstruction of Ningdong coal base.