中国非常规油气勘探与研究新进展

全球油气勘探目标的转移和石油地质学的发展,具有从毫-微米孔喉的圈闭油气,逐渐向纳米孔喉的连续型油气聚集发展的趋势。近十年非常规油气资源在全球能源格局中的地位愈发重要,致密气、煤层气、重油、沥青砂等已成为勘探开发的重点领域,致密油成为亮点领域,页岩气成为热点领域。中国致密气、页岩气、致密油、煤层气等非常规油气资源勘探开发取得重要突破,油页岩、天然气水合物、油砂矿等有重要进展。中国非常规油气研究也取得重大进展,陆相敞流湖盆大型浅水三角洲砂体、湖盆中心砂质碎屑流沉积和湖相碳酸盐岩等,提供了湖盆中心储集体形成和分布的理论依据;创新发展了连续型油气聚集理念,明晰了连续型油气聚集的10个基本地质特征和2项关键标志,为大面积非常规油气规模勘探开发奠定了理论基础;系统表征了致密油气储层的纳米级微观孔喉结构,首次发现了纳米孔喉中油气的赋存,推动了纳米孔喉中油气流动机制和分布规律的研究。随着全球石油工业和纳米等技术的快速发展,提出了"纳米油气"概念,并指出这是未来石油工业的发展方向,需要发展纳米油气透视观测镜、纳米油气驱替剂、纳米油气开采机器人等换代技术,油气智能化时代即将到来。

New Advance in Unconventional Petroleum Exploration and Research in China

The global hydrocarbon exploration targets and the research of petroleum geology tend to switch from mmμ m-size pore-throats of hydrocarbon traps to continuous hydrocarbon accumulation in the coexisting sources and reservoirs with nano size pore-throats.In recent 10years,the status of the unconventional petroleum resources is being more and more important in the global energy framework.The unconventional hydrocarbons,tight gas,coal-bed methane,heavy oil and tar sands have become major domains in the exploration development of unconventional hydrocarbons worldwide;tight oil has become an attractive domain for global exploration and development of unconventional oil;and shale gas has become a promising domain for the recovery of unconventional gas in the world.In China,the exploration and development of tight gas,shale gas,tight oil and coal-bed methane have significant breakthroughs and the studies of oil shales,gas hydrates and tar sands have been progressed greatly.Correspondingly,the unconventional hydrocarbon researches in recent years in China have processed a lot in following three aspects : ①depositional models of shallow-water delta sandbodies,central-basin sandy debris and lacustrine phase carbonates in large open depression lake basins;②innovation of unconventional continuous accumulation theory;③discovery and characterization of the nano size pore-throats in unconventional tight reservoirs.In terms of the rapid development of global petroleum industry and nano technology,this paper proposes a concept of nano hydrocarbons and indicates that " nano hydrocarbon " is the development direction of oil and gas industry in the future,urgently requiring developing vicarious technologies,such as nano hydrocarbon perspective viewing mirror,nano hydrocarbon displacement agent and nano hydrocarbon exploration robots.The time of petroleum intellectualization is coming to us.