基于栅格尺度的阿勒泰地区旅游气候舒适度评价

气候的舒适度是游客选择旅游目的地的重要影响因素之一,利用1960-2013年近54 a的研究区气象统计资料,结合地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析方法,并考虑气温垂直递减规律这一因素,分析了阿勒泰地区500 m×500 m分辨率栅格尺度的逐月温湿指数、风效指数、着衣指数及综合舒适指数,通过对4个指数所反映的舒适度和舒适期进行对比分析,发现综合舒适指数可从客观角度反映气候因素对人体感觉的综合影响,能达到较为精准的评估效果.研究表明:阿勒泰旅游气候舒适度变化受当地地形和季节变化的影响较大,旅游舒适度季节变化明显,适宜户外旅游的舒适期短暂.季节变化中,冬季不适宜开展户外旅游活动;春季阿尔泰山山区气候舒适度不舒适,山区以南和西南萨吾尔山以北舒适度较不舒适;夏季分布在额尔齐斯河以北的山麓和山间河谷地区,以及青河县中部和南部,富蕴县南部地区人体感觉舒适,占全区总面积的39.62%,其余大部分区域较舒适;秋季分布在哈巴河县、布尔津县、阿勒泰市南部及福海县中部和南部区域感觉较舒适,占全区总面积的36.79%.阿勒泰地区旅游舒适期为1~5个月,旅游资源的空间分布契合该地区旅游舒适期的区域空间分布,利于本地区进行旅游开发和旅游活动.

An evaluation of tourism climate suitability in Altay Prefecture

Climate comfort degree(CCD) is one of most important factors which can affect the tourists choosing tourism destination. 54-a climate data(from 1960 to 2013) were selected in this paper as the input data; using GIS spatial analysis method the temperature humidity index(THI), wind chill index(K), index of clothing(ICL) and comprehensive comfort index(C) were calculated in monthly scale for Altay Prefecture within 500 m500 m grid size with consideration of temperature lapse. After comparatively analyzing the differences between climate comfort and comfort period of the four indexes(THI, K, ICL and C), it was found that the comprehensive comfort indexes can reflect the comprehensive effect of human feeling about climate factors from an objective view, and can achieve more accurate assessment results. In addition, it was also found that the tourism climatic comfort levels are greatly influenced by terrain and season in Altay Prefecture. Travel comfort level changes obvious, and outdoor travel comfortable period is short. Winter is not suitable for outdoor activities and spring is still not comfortable in the southern hilly areas and plains of the Altay Mountains. While in summer, the human feeling is better both in the hilly areas and the mountain valleys, accounting for 39.62% of the total, with the rest areas of less comfortable. The south of Habahe, Burqin, Altay and the central and south of Fuhai are feeling more comfortable in autumn. Travel comfortable period in Altay Prefecture lasts 1 to 5 months, with regional distribution of tourism resources fitting for climate characteristics, which is conducive to develop tourism in the prefecture.