屋檐冰柱初期生长规律实验分析

屋檐冰柱是中高纬度地区常见的冰现象， 其破碎断裂可能对人们的生产和生活带来不利影响。同样在桥梁工程、 隧道工程和输电工程中也经常受到冰柱的影响， 造成危险和工程设施的损害， 但由于缺乏对冰柱生长发育规律的探索， 导致冰柱冰害防治及处理方式仅以机械破坏和加热为主， 成本较高。利用室外实验获取屋檐冰柱的初步生长发育规律， 以此指导在低温室内利用金属载体精准滴定模拟屋檐冰柱初期生长规律实验。实验中通过观测水滴流速及冰柱形成速率（长度、 直径和冰重）， 得出了冰柱性状和时间、 供给水量的相互关系。结果表明： 屋檐冰柱形成和水流分布受冰柱发育程度的影响， 冰柱表面水流流速与冰柱发育过程之间存在互馈关系， 冰柱形态阻力与径流集中产生的流速增量又影响着冰柱发育速度。试验过程及试验数据不仅仅对屋檐冰柱具有解释分析的作用， 对其他工程实际也具有指导意义， 可为屋檐冰柱的防治方法研究提供依据和借鉴。

Experimental analysis of early growth of eaves icicle

Icicles hanging from the eaves are a common phenomenon in the mid and high latitudes， and their abrupt breaking and falling may have detrimental effects on people’s work and life. Particularly for bridge construction， tunneling and transmission projects， it will cause significant damage to facilities and human. Due to lack of knowledge in icicles’ natural growth and development， current methods for icicle prevention and management are nothing but mechanical destruction and heating， which cost is a lot. In this paper， a outdoor experiment was used to investigate the initial growth and development of eaves icicle， which will guide to simulate the initial growth of icicle in low-temperature room using high-precision titration from metal carriers. By observing the velocity of water droplet and the formation rate of ice column （length， diameter and weight）， the relationship between the properties of ice column and the time and water supply was obtained. The results showed that the formation of ice column and the flow distribution of the eaves are influenced by the development of ice column. There is a synergetic relationship between surface water flow velocity and the development process of ice column； the ice column shape resistance and the flow rate increment produced by the runoff concentration affects the formation rate. These research results will be useful for preventing and managing eaves icicles.