兰州市城关区采暖期大气PM2.5成份分析及对子代小鼠的影响研究

为了解兰州市采暖期大气PM_2.5污染情况及其主要重金属和多环芳烃（PAHs）含量，并同时研究其对小鼠胎儿出生质量的影响，对兰州市城关区2015年11月至2016年3月大气PM_2.5进行重金属元素和PAHs的成份分析，同时将处理好的PM_2.5通过气管滴注对30只成功受孕10d的昆明小鼠（随机分成4个剂量组，每组6只）进行染毒（PM_2.5剂量：0、50、100、200μg·ml^-1·d^-1），直到子鼠出生，分析窝产仔量和子鼠体重、心体比、肺体比等指标进而对子鼠出生质量进行评估。结果表明，兰州市城关区2015年采暖期大气PM_2.5总日均浓度符合国家标准，但有48d超过国家标准，最高浓度达到151μg·m^-3，主要的重金属和PAHs分别为铅和萤蒽。动物实验结果表明，PM_2.5染毒剂量越高，子鼠体重越轻，下降的幅度越大。与零剂量组比较，PM_2.5剂量组子鼠的心体系数和肺体系数显著降低，但窝产仔量和性别无明显差异。这表明采暖期大气PM_2.5可能会对妊娠期雌鼠产生作用，影响子代小鼠的出生质量和发育情况，这或许与其重金属和PAHs成分有关。

Ambient PM2.5 level and its constituent in heating period in Chengguan District,Lanzhou City and its influence on birth quality of mice

In order to study the ambient PM2.5 pollution and it's constituent of heavy metal and PAHs,and to explore the influence of ambient PM2.5 on birth quality of mice,PM2.5 data and PM2.5 samples were collected from Chengguan District of Lanzhou City from Oct.2015 through Mar.2016.Heavy metals and PAHs of PM2.5 were analyzed.In the meantime,30 pregnant SD mice in the 10th day of pregnancy were exposed to PM2.5 by tracheal instillation with a given dose of 0,50,100,200 μg · ml-1 · d-1 The offspring quantity and body weight,heart/body ratio,lung/body ratio,male/female ratio of F1 mice were figured to evaluate the birth quality.The results showed that the daily concentration of ambient PM2.5 in the heating period in Lanzhou City meets the national standard,with more than 48 days above that standard.The major heavy metal and PAHs were respectively Pb and Fluoranthene.Animal experiment demonstrated that the body weight of F1 mice were reduced with PM2.5 exposure dose.Compared those with zero dosage group,the heart/body ratio and lung/body ratio of PM2.5 exposure groups were significantly reduced,while offspring quantity and sex differentiation had no difference.It is revealed that ambient PM2.5 could have reproductive toxicity to female mice during pregnancy and affected the birth quality and growth of F1 mice.