艾比湖流域1957－2013年潜在蒸散、气温、降水变化特征分析

使用1957－2013年艾比湖流域6个气象站点的平均大气压、平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、平均相对湿度、平均风速、日照百分率以及降水量资料，通过Penman-Monteith方程计算出各个站的月和年潜在蒸散量．利用线性倾向估计、累积距平法和Mann-Kendall法分析了该流域近57年的潜在蒸散量、气温及降水量变化特征．结果表明：近57年来艾比湖流域年潜在蒸散量以－25．05 mm·（10a）－1的速度呈下降趋势．近7年的平均潜在蒸散量与过去50年相比较偏少77．36 mm．年平均气温以0．33℃·（10a）－1的速度上升．近7年的平均气温比过去50年的平均气温增加了1℃．年降水量以7．97 mm·（10a）－1的速度增多．近7年的平均降水量与过去50年的平均降水量相比增多32．45 mm．

Changing characteristics of potential evapotranspiration,air temperature and precipitation in Ebinur Lake basin from 1957 to 2013

Meteorological data (average atmosphere pressure,average temperature,average maximum tempera-ture,average minimum temperature,average relative humidity,average wind speed,percentage of sunshine and precipitation)from 1957 -2013 were collected from six weather stations in Ebinur Lake basin.Monthly and annual potential evapotranspiration were calculated by Penman-Monteith model.The linear regression,cumula-tive anomaly and Mann-Kendall test were used to analyze the characteristics of potential evapotranspiration, temperature and precipitation changes.The results show that the annual average potential evapotranspiration had decreased with a rate of 25.05 mm·(10a)-1 during 1957 -2013;the average potential evapotranspiration during the later seven years decreased 77.36 mm as compared with that in the former 50 years.Annual average temperature had increased with a rate of 0.33 ℃·(10a)-1 during 1957-2013;the average temperature during the later seven years increased 1 .0 ℃ as compared with that in the former 50 years.Annual precipitation had increased too,with an increasing rate of 7.97 mm·(10a)-1 ,and average precipitation during the later seven years increased 32.45 mm as compared with that in the former 50 years.