辽宁省地温场结构及变化特征

以辽宁省为例，采用统计分析方法，根据辽宁省61个气象站1951-2013年0~320 cm地温资料，分析了季节性冻土区地温场结构和变化特征。结果表明：地温最冷月出现时间随着深度增加而推后，辽宁各地浅层地温最冷月基本均为1月，深层地温最冷月为1-5月，深度越深温度越高。地温最热月出现时间也随深度增加而推后，浅层地温最热月为7、8月，深层地温最热月为8-10月，深度越深温度越低。越深层地温受地表影响越小，320 cm深度与地表的月平均最大温差达到19℃左右，40 cm深度与地表的月平均最大温差仅在8℃左右。随着深度增加，地温的季节变化减小，沈阳320 cm深度地温年内温差不足8℃。5~80 cm深度3-8月为储能期，160 cm深度5-9月为储能期，320 cm深度6-10月为储能期。越接近地表，地温日变化越显著，40 cm以下深度基本可以忽略日变化。沈阳地温升高程度大于气温，以向大气输送热量为主。地表最冷月变暖率明显大于最热月，但随着土层加深各土层最冷月、最热月变暖的程度无明显规律。深层地温的年际变化有时会受到更深层热源的非气候扰动。地温变化对气候、冻土区域工程等的影响不容忽视。

Characteristics and variations of the ground temperature field in Liaoning Province

The ground temperature data ranging from 0 to 320 cm depths from 61 meteorological stations in Liaoning Province during 1951-2013 was taken to study ground temperature fields and changing characteristics in the seasonally frozen soil regions by using statistical analysis method. The results show that the coldest month of the ground temperature postponed with depth. The coldest month of the shallow ground temperature was January for the most area of the province, and postponed to January to May with depth increasing. The warmest month of the ground temperature postponed with increasing depth as well. The warmest month of the shallow ground temperature was in June or July, but in August or October as depth increasing to 320 cm. The deeper the depth, the smaller the effect of surface temperature. There was around 19℃ difference of maximum monthly average temperature between 320 cm depth and on the surface, but it was only 8℃ or so between 40 cm depth and on the surface. With the increase of depth, seasonal change of ground temperature was reduced. The temperature difference was less than 8℃ within a year at 320 cm depth. The energy storage period was from March through August at the depth of 5-80 cm, which was from May through September at the depth of 160 cm depth and from June through October at the depth of 320 cm depth. The more closing to the surface, the more obvious the daily variation of ground temperature. The daily variation of ground temperature could be ignored under 40 cm depth. The increasing trend of ground temperature was greater than that of air temperature in Shenyang, which showed that soil transmit heat into the atmosphere. The increasing trend of the surface temperature in the coldest month was more than that in the warmest month significantly. But there was no obviously warming of soil temperature with depth. The inter annual variation of the deep ground temperature was not the climate disturbance sometimes, and a part of the heat was from deep of the earth. Therefore, some possible influence due to ground temperature variation on climate and the engineering geological properties can not be ignored.