中国对流性天气现象观测资料质量控制及其年、季节特征分析

基于2 474个国家级气象台站1954-2015年观测的对流性天气现象(包括雷暴、闪电、冰雹、大风)数据,进行了有效的质量控制,并采用气候统计学方法,研究了中国对流性天气的时空变化特征和气候趋势。结果表明:全国平均的雷暴、闪电、冰雹、大风发生频率分别为11.0%、6.8%、0.33%和3.8%,且季节变化明显。我国雷暴、闪电日数自北向南基本呈逐渐增多的格局。在内蒙古地区、青藏高原、沿海地区等三个平均风速较大的地区,发生大风天气现象的日数也相应较多。对流性天气现象年发生日数呈下降趋势。分别有68.3%、67.5%、0.8%、41.6%台站雷暴、闪电、冰雹、大风日数年变化存在显著减少趋势。

Convective weather in China: quality control of the observation data and its annual and seasonal characteristics

Based on the convective weather data ( including thunderstorms, lightning, hail and gale) from 2474 national meteorological stations from 1954 through 2015 , the temporal and spatial variations of the convective weather in China and their climate trends were studied by using climatological statistics. The average probability of thunderstorms, lightning, hail and gale were 11. 0％, 6. 8％, 0. 33％ and 3. 8％, respectively, with distinct seasonal variation. Spatially, the thunderstorms and lightning days have been gradually increasing from north to south. In the Inner Mongolia Region, the Tibetan Plateau and the coastal regions, where the average wind speed are relatively high, there are correspondingly more days of gale weather. The number of days of convective weather is decreasing. There are significant climatic decrease trends in annual variations of thunderstorms, light-ning, hail and gale with 68. 3％ (thunderstorms), 67. 5％ (lightning), 0. 8％ (hail) and 41. 6％ (gale) of sta-tion number, respectively.