黄河上游春季径流的特征

本文指出,在唐乃亥以上的黄河上游干流融雪径流是3月下旬至6月上旬期间径流量的主要成份,所占比例在40％以上。据此,对NOAA/TIROS气象卫星云图的积雪遥感信息应用于黄河上游春季融雪径流预报进行了尝试。根据1987年龙羊峡水库实测资料验证,预报精度在80％以上,基本符合业务预报要求。

Spring Runoff Characteristics of the Upper Yellow River

In the upper Yellow River basin above Tangnaihai,the precipitation in winter and spring is mainly accumulated in the form of snow cover. Snowmelt is one of the main supplies of spring streamflow. The basin is one of the main runoff-forming areas of the Yellow River. The yearly runoff volumes from the basin make up over 80-90% of the inflow to the Longyangxia Reservoir and 75% of that to the Liujiaxia Reservoir respectively. It is in spring that the irrigation season is , the need for irrigating water is often in conflict with the need for power generating water. Enormous economic losses in industry and agriculture are caused by the water shortage. Therefore, on the basis of the snow cover data extracted from NOAA / TIROS satellite images, the observational data of precipitation and air temperature, and the field investigation, the characteristics of the spring runoff composition and variation of the upper Yellow River are analysed and studied in this paper. It is attempted to use the remote sensing information in the inflow forecast for Longyangxia Reservoir. during the snowmelt season, so that a scientific basis can be provided for the rational exploitation and utilization of the runoff resources.