2010-2020年祁连山东段冷龙岭宁缠河1号冰川变化综合观测研究

冰川物质平衡研究对流域内水资源的分配和利用具有重要的指导意义。发源于祁连山的冰川融水是河西走廊和柴达木盆地重要的淡水来源。近年来，祁连山地区的冰川经历了不同程度的退缩，东段退缩尤其明显。基于祁连山东段冷龙岭地区宁缠河1号（NC01）冰川2010—2020年冰川物质平衡观测数据，结合Google Earth高分辨率历史影像、资源3号和哨兵2号卫星影像，以及气象数据，采用冰川学方法，分析了NC01冰川的面积、物质平衡及厚度变化等特征。结果表明：2008—2020年，NC01冰川末端位置持续后退，退缩速率为7.54 m·a^-1；2020年冰川面积为3.32×10⁵ m²，萎缩速率为0.075×10⁵ m²·a^-1。与此对应，2010—2020年冰川物质平衡持续为负，年均物质平衡为-0.98 m w.e.。由此推算，2020年冰川平均厚度减薄至17.52 m，冰量减少至6.83×10⁶ m³。进一步研究显示，自1972年以来，NC01冰川持续减薄，而2010—2020年物质亏损速率要高于1972—2010年，存在着较为明显的后期加速趋势，这与近年来气温的明显升高有关。

Changes of Ningchan No.1 Glacier in Lenglongling,eastern Qilian Mountains from 2010 to 2020 based on observation

The research of glacier mass balance has important guiding significance for the allocation and utilization of water resources in the basin. Glacier meltwater originating from the Qilian Mountains is an important source of fresh water in the Hexi Corridor and Qaidam Basin. In recent years， the glaciers in the Qilian Mountains retreated in varying degrees， and retreat rate was relatively high in the eastern section. We observed the mass balance of Ningchan No.1 （NC01） Glacier for 10 consecutive years in Lenglongling region of the eastern Qilian Mountains since 2010. Combining with high-resolution historical Google Earth imagery， ZiYuan-3 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery， and weather data， we found that the front position of NC01 Glacier retreated from 2008 to 2020 with a rate of 7.54 m·a^-1. The area of NC01 Glacier decreased with a rate of 0.075×10⁵ m²·a^-1 from 2008 to 2020， and decreased to 3.32×10⁵ m² in 2020. The NC01 Glacier remained negative mass balance from 2010 to 2020， with an average annual mass balance of -0.98 m w.e. According to the calculation， the average thickness of the glacier decreased to 17.52 m and the ice volume decreased to about 6.83×10⁶ m³ in 2020. The NC01 Glacier thinned continuously since 1972， and the mass loss rate during 2010—2020 is higher than that during 1972—2010， showing a relatively obvious acceleration trend， which may also be related to the significant increase in air temperature in recent years.