基于Hkr值的北天山冰川侵蚀空间分布特征及其主控因素研究

确定冰川侵蚀的主控因素及其与各影响因素间的相互作用方式，不仅对深入认识冰川侵蚀的物理机制和理解冰川作用区地貌演化具有重要的意义，也是探讨构造、气候、地形间相互关系的根本。然而，以往的学者仅在构造活动略单一的区域研究冰川侵蚀的主控因素，致使对构造的影响认识不足，那么，构造是否是冰川侵蚀的主控因素呢？又是如何作用于冰川侵蚀？北天山第四纪冰川作用规模巨大，留下了丰富的冰川遗迹，其气候与构造条件也多样，因而成为探讨上述问题的理想区域。本文在北天山北坡自西向东选取了7个冰川流域，基于每个流域的Hkr值和冰川侵蚀影响因子的定性定量数据，分析了该区域冰川侵蚀的分布规律及其影响因素。结果表明，北天山各流域冰川侵蚀自西向东有减小趋势，该变化趋势是构造、气候、地形共同作用所致。其中，山顶高度和降水对冰川侵蚀的影响最显著，两者均通过对冰川规模施加作用来控制冰川侵蚀，而构造也可能通过影响顶点高程、积累区面积、冰川规模，进而作用于冰川侵蚀，但是其是否发挥主要作用有待进一步认识。因此，冰川规模可能才是导致北天山各冰川流域侵蚀差异的根本原因。

Spatial variations of glacial erosion and its controlling factors in the northern Tianshan Mountains based on Hkr values

Knowing what controls glacial erosion and their interactions is not only very important for understanding the physical mechanisms of glacial erosion and glacial landform evolution， but also the fundamental for exploring the relationships between climate， tectonics and topography. However， researchers before just analyze the main controlling factors of glacier erosion in areas under similar tectonics， which leads to few knowledge about the impact of tectonics. Then， whether tectonics is the main controlling factor of glacier erosion？ And how does it affect glacial erosion？ The Quaternary glaciation in the northern Tianshan Mountains are spectacular， and sculpts abundant glacial relics under various climate and tectonics in different regions， which make the northern Tianshan Mountains an appropriate study area for discussing the key problems above. We select 7 glacial basins on the north slope of the northern Tianshan Mountains from east to west， and then compare the distribution of glacial erosion and its influential factors based on the Hkr values and qualitative or quantitative data of all factors in each basin. Results show that the glacial erosion in the 7 basins generally decreases from west to east， which mainly induced by the comprehensive effect of tectonics， climate， and topography. Among all the factors， peak elevation and precipitation have the most significant impact on glacial erosion through ice flux， and tectonics may affect glacial erosion by influencing peak elevation， accumulation area， and thus ice flux， but what extent of tectonics on glacial erosion need more investigation. Therefore， maybe the ice flux is the fundamental factor which results in the difference of glacial erosion in the northern Tianshan Mountains.