A review on the advances in surge-type glacier study北大核心CSCD

冰川跃动是多种冰川灾害的主要致灾因子，近年来与冰川跃动相关的冰崩、冰川垮塌、冰川泥石流等灾害的发生频率不断增加，使其成为国际国内冰川学研究的热点。依据对现有文献的统计发现，全球总计约有1 850条跃动冰川，主要分布于环北极地区和亚洲高山区，其中我国西部约有跃动冰川146条。跃动冰川可通过其特殊的表面形态标志，跃动前后冰川末端位置、表面高程和运动速度的变化，以及跃动产生的地貌学和沉积学特征来进行鉴别。跃动冰川的特殊运动模式主要由其内部和底床特性决定，包括冰内/冰下的热力学、水力学与形变等参数及变化过程等。现有大多数跃动冰川研究是基于各类遥感技术，主要着眼于跃动冰川表面变化，并据其对冰川跃动的可能机制进行分析。由于遥感方法精度有限且受天气、地形条件等的制约，同时无法获取冰内/冰下关键参数，因此野外现场观测在这些参数获取方面仍具有不可替代的作用。受限于冰内/冰下参数野外观测数据的缺乏，目前对冰川跃动机理的认识仍局限于早期提出的水力学和热力学两种机制，无法解释同一区域具备不同跃动机制的冰川共存，以及部分冰川跃动从冰川下部发起等问题。同时，在气候变化对跃动冰川的影响研究以及冰川跃动的模拟和预测等方面还有较大欠缺，需要在未来研究中重点关注。

A review on the advances in surge-type glacier study

Glacier surge is a key inducing factor for many types of glacier hazards. It has become a hot spot in global and domestic glaciological studies following the increasing occurrence of recent glacier surge related hazards such as ice avalanche， glacier collapse， glacier-debris flow， etc. According to an analyses of the published literatures， there are totally ca. 1 850 surge-type glaciers all over the world， which mainly distribute around circum-Arctic and in High Mountain Asia （HMA）. There are totally 146 surge-type glaciers in western China referring to recent studies. Surge-type glaciers can be identified through their unique appearance on the surface， the dramatic changes of their termini， the changes among their surface elevation and velocity before and during their surges， and also by the geomorphological and sedimentological features caused by their surges. Most recent studies on surge-type glaciers were based on different kinds of remote sensing techniques， which mainly focused on their surface changes， and speculated the possible surge mechanisms from the results. Due to the limited accuracy of remote sensing techniques as well as the frequent constraints by weather and terrain on the data acquisitions， and also because of their incapability on obtaining the key englacial and subglacial parameters and processes that are vitally important to study the surge-type glaciers， field monitoring and investigations still play an irreplaceable role. Limited by the shortages on those field observation data， major deficiencies still exist in current knowledge about the mechanisms of glacier surges， which are largely confined on the two well-known glacier surge mechanisms， i.e.， the thermal and hydraulic surge-triggering theory. The major problems encountered by the two mechanisms include the difficulties to explain the co-existence of surge-type glaciers with different mechanisms in same region， and to understand the phenomena of the surge initiation on the lower part of some glaciers. Meanwhile， large knowledge gaps also exist and obstructed our understandings about the impacts of climate change on surge-type glacier as well as the modelling and forecasting of the glacier surges， which all need to be considered with high priority in future studies.