中国地级及以上城市紧凑度的综合测度及其空间关联分析

从经济紧凑度、 土地利用紧凑度、 人口紧凑度和基础设施紧凑度等方面, 构建城市紧凑度的综合测度模型. 运用主成分分析法, 对2009年中国287个地级及以上城市紧凑度及其空间溢出效应进行综合测度. 结果表明: 紧凑度大致以"塔河-凭祥"一线为界, 以东区域的城市紧凑度水平较高, 以西的地区城市紧凑度水平低. 紧凑度Moran's I高值区连片集中在珠三角和长三角两个区域, 中心城市紧凑度的带动性和辐射性较强. 紧凑度呈现明显的热点-次热点-次冷点-冷点自东向西带状分布的格局. 经济发展、 土地利用结构和人口密度是目前中国地级以上城市紧凑度的重要决定因素, 城市土地利用因子表现相对较均衡, 而经济发展和人口密度两个主因子则表现出较强的不均衡性.

Comprehensive Evaluation and Spatial Association analysis of the Urban Compactness of Prefecture-Level Cities or above in China

Based on the analysis of the definition and characteristics of city compactness includes the economy compactness, the land use compactness and the population compactness, in this paper, urban compactness evaluation indicators of China's cities are built to evaluate the urban compactness of 287 prefecture-level cities or above in China by using principal component analysis. Also their spatial spillover effects are studied. According to the principle of eigenvalue greater than 1, three main components, i.e., economic development component, urban land use component and population density component are selected, of which the cumulative variance contribution rate is up to 80.2%. General statistical characteristics of the three main components show that the frequency distribution of component values are skewed, with data deviated from the center and asymmetric morphology. After calculating the comprehensive scores of every city, ESDA-GIS framework may use to analyze spatial difference of the urban compactness for prefecture-level cities or above in China in 2009. The Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis, which is based on the computing spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity, is also used to detect the geographical dynamics of regional disparity patterns. Moran' s I scatter plots and LISA(Local Indicators of Spatial Association) cluster are applied to test the local pattern of urban compactness. The results indicate that there are two spatial differentiation zones of urban compactness divided by Tahe-Pingxiang Line. Urban agglomeration synthetic compactness appears a discrepancy tendency, gradually decreasing from east to west and from south to north. There are high values of Moran's I contiguously aggregated in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta. Urban compactness shows zonal distribution with obvious hot spots-sub-hotspots-sub-cold spots-cold spots from east to west. Economic development level, land use structure and population density are important factors that determine the urban compactness of prefecture-level cities or above in China, of which the land use structure seems relatively balanced.