2000—2020年兴都库什东部冰川区物质平衡变化及其影响因素

利用SRTM DEM和ASTER立体像对数据获取的DEM分析了2000—2020年兴都库什东部的冰川物质平衡，并结合CRU TS 4.04气象数据探讨了气温、降水、地形和冰湖对南、北冰川区物质平衡空间差异的影响。结果表明：2000—2020年兴都库什东部冰川区物质平衡为（-0.02±0.04） m w.e.·a^-1，冰川整体呈现微弱的负物质平衡状态。从坡向来看，南坡以正物质平衡冰川居多，北坡以负物质平衡冰川居多。从南、北两个子区域来看，北部冰川区物质平衡为（0.07±0.04） m w.e.·a^-1，南部冰川区物质平衡为（-0.32±0.04） m w.e.·a^-1。北部冰川面积规模大，所处海拔区间高，南部则相反。北部冰川区处于较高的海拔区间且冬季气温较低，导致夏季升温所产生的冰川消融的影响被削弱，冰川物质平衡的分布与降水分布在空间上具有一致性。南部冰川区出现的强烈物质亏损主要是由于夏季气温的急剧升高和冰川处于较低的海拔区间。南、北区域冰前湖和冰面湖面积不断扩大的空间差异性，也在一定程度上加剧了该地区冰川物质平衡的空间差异。

Variations of glacier mass balance in the eastern Hindu Kush from 2000 to 2020 and its influencing factors

In this paper， geodetic measurement was used to study glacier mass balance during 2000—2020 in the eastern Hindu Kush by using SRTM and ASTER stereo image pairs. In addition， CRU TS 4.04 meteorological data was applied in response of climate change for glaciers. At the same time， terrain and glacial lake data was combined with the effect in spatial variability between northern and southern regions of the eastern Hindu Kush. The result shows that： The thinning rate of glacier elevation was （-0.02±0.05） m·a^-1 and the mass balance was （-0.02±0.04） m w.e.·a^-1， which reflects that the eastern Hindu Kush glacier is in a weak negative mass balance. Furthermore， the thickening rate of glacier elevation in northern region was （0.08±0.05） m·a^-1 and the mass balance was （0.07±0.04） m w.e.·a^-1. But in southern region， the thinning rate of glacier elevation was （-0.38±0.05） m·a^-1 and the mass balance was （-0.32±0.04） m w.e.·a^-1. With the help of terrain and glacier area data， we find that large glaciers mainly distribute in northern region and their altitude is high， while southern region shows the opposite. Moreover， glaciers with mass gain mainly concentrate on southern slope， while mass-loss glaciers primarily spread on northern slope. According to the meteorological， terrain and glacial lake data， the reasons of mass gain in northern region is the high altitude of large glaciers and lower temperature in winter， which weakens the effect of ablation associated with summer temperature warming. Spatial distribution of glacier mass balance in northern region is similar with spatial allocation of the mean annual precipitation， which means it controls by precipitation rather than by temperature. The cause of great mass loss in southern region is the sharp rise of summer air temperature and the low altitude of glacier distribution. Finally， the continuous extending spatial variability of proglacial lakes and supraglacial lakes area partly exacerbates the spatial variability of mass balance between northern and southern regions in the eastern Hindu Kush. The ASTER L1A data is available from NASA EARTHDATA and the SRTM C DEM is from USGS. The study of glacier mass balance in Hindu Kush is rare， so it is very urgent and significant to make a full understanding of the glacier mass balance in Hindu Kush. But with the restriction of the ASTER stereo images usability， which means the coverage of cloud or the lack of data， it is only feasible to analyze eastern region of the Hindu Kush.