熵权法在水资源与水环境评价中的研究进展

随着人口增长和经济社会的发展，水资源的供需矛盾日益增多，对水资源进行合理开发、高效利用、优化配置、全面节约、有效保护、综合治理是至关重要的新任务。熵权法是研究水资源可持续利用的重要方法，可以剔除指标体系中对评价结果贡献较小的指标，减少人为因素对于主观权重的影响，其计算结果真实准确，能够客观地反映水资源与水环境的现状，因此被广泛应用于水资源与水环境评价中，从而为水资源的高效利用及水环境的综合评价提供科学依据。本文对熵权法的由来及在水资源与水环境评价中的发展进程进行了探讨，重点对熵权法在水资源量、水资源承载力、水环境质量和水生态环境评价四个方面的应用进行了讨论和总结，并发现熵权法在水资源与水环境评价中有着良好的应用前景；同时，针对当前熵权法在水资源与水环境评价中存在的不足，提出了改进建议，为水资源与水环境评价的研究方向提供了新思路。除此之外，对熵权法的未来进行了展望：熵权法可与其他方法创新结合共同使用，构建合理全面的评价指标体系，在水资源利用发展趋势、时空格局演变等领域推广应用。

Research progress of entropy weight method in water resources and water environment

With the population growth and the economic and social development， the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is on the increase day by day. It is a crucial new task to save， protect， manage， rationally develop， efficiently utilize and optimize allocation of water resources comprehensively. As an important way to study the sustainable utilization of water resources， entropy weight method can eliminate small contribution to the evaluation results in the index system of indicators， reduce the influence of human factors on the subjective weight， and thus more accurate calculation results are achievable， which can objectively reflect the status quo of water resources and water environment. For this reason， the method is widely used in the evaluation of water resources and water environment， which will provide scientific basis for efficient utilization of water resources and comprehensive evaluation of water environment. This article explored the origin of the entropy weight method and development process in the evaluation of water resources and environment， discussed and summarized the four applications of the entropy weight method in water resources quantity， water resources carrying capacity， water environmental quality and water ecological environment assessment and found the entropy weight method shows a good application prospect in the evaluation of water resources and water environment. Meanwhile， in view of the shortcomings of entropy weight method in water resources and water environment assessment， some improvements are suggested， which will provide new ideas for the research direction of water resources and water environment assessment. In addition， the future of entropy weight method is forecasted： by combining the entropy weight method with other methods innovatively， a reasonable and comprehensive evaluation index system can be built， and applied in the development trend of water resources utilization and spatio-temporal pattern evolution.