基于无人机倾斜摄影三维建模技术的赤马山铜矿地质环境调查及评价

赤马山铜矿位于湖北省东南部长江南岸，因资源枯竭已闭坑。近年来赤马山铜矿区出现严重采空区塌陷、山体裂缝、危岩体等地质灾害问题。基于此，本文通过无人机倾斜摄影测量技术与三维实景建模，结合现场采空塌陷区的调查测绘、工程地质调查等方法，研究湖北省赤马山铜矿采空塌陷造成的一系列次生地质灾害，查明其现状及分布规律，探讨塌陷区-山体裂缝-危岩体与采空区之间的耦合关系。结果表明：地面塌陷由1#、2#、3#、4#四个塌陷坑组成，走向114°～127°；山体裂缝与塌陷长轴平行展布，裂缝宽0.2～3.0 m；塌陷区-山体裂缝-危岩体主要是采用崩落顶底柱及间柱方式处理采空区所导致。同时进行矿山地质环境的预测建模和预测评估，提出合理的采空塌陷区安全对策和治理建议，为矿区生态环境修复提供可靠依据。

Geological environment investigation and evaluation of the Chimashan copper deposit based on three-dimensional modeling technology of UAV tilt photography

The Chimashan copper deposit, located on the south bank of the Yangtze River in the southeast of Hubei Province, has been closed due to resource depletion. In recent years, there have been serious geological disasters such as gob collapse, mountain crack and dangerous rock mass in the Chimashan copper deposit. Based on this, this work used UAV tilt photogrammetry technology and three-dimensional realistic image modeling, combined with the survey and mapping of in-situ goaf subsidence area, engineering geological survey and other methods to study a series of secondary geological disasters caused by goaf subsidence in the Chimashan copper deposit, Hubei Province. This study also identified their status and distribution patterns, and discussed the coupling relationship between subsidence area, mountain crack, dangerous rock, and goaf. The results show that the ground subsidence is composed of four subsidence pits: 1 #, 2 #, 3 #, and 4 #, with a strike of 114°~127°. The mountain cracks are distributed parallel to the long axis of collapse, with a width of 0.2~3.0 m. The formation of subsidence areas, mountain crack, and dangerous rock is mainly caused by the use of collapse top and bottom pillars and interlayer pillars to treat the goaf. In addition, the prediction modeling and prediction evaluation of mining geological environment were carried out, and reasonable safety measures and governance suggestions for goaf subsidence area were put forward to provide a reliable basis for ecological environment restoration in mining areas.