遥感技术在断裂研究中的应用——以张家口—蓬莱断裂带为例

张家口一蓬莱断裂带是一条北西西向活动断裂带。本文选取ETM+光学影像和SRTM高程影像作为主要数据源,结合研究区已有地质资料研究发现该带断裂构造的北西西向线性特征明显。从水系分布和错断地形等地貌标志判断,该断裂具有左阶组合样式和左行走滑活动特征。据遥感影像综合特征,可将该带分为张家口段、延庆-怀来段和北京一天津段,影像特征分段性显著,并与断裂带的分段性一致。研究结果表明,张家口-蓬莱断裂具有左行走滑的运动学特征,限制或错断北北东或北东向断裂,并且控制该区域的左阶雁列式第四纪盆地群和第四纪冲洪积物的分布。该断裂带各段对不同规模的水系分布和形态影响比较大,且北京-天津地区的华北平原段断裂对第四纪冲洪积扇和沿海地区的贝壳堤的形态和分布有一定的控制作用。地球物理深部数据和野外地质考察资料也证实了遥感解泽的结果,证明遥感技术在探查断裂构造空间展布和活动性鉴定中有着广泛的应用前景。

Application of remote sensing to fault study: A case study of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault zone

The Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault zone is a NWW-trending active fault zone. ETM+ optical images and SRTM images are selected as the primary source data, based on the known geological data of the study area, this paper found that the fault zone is characterized by obvious liner features. Judged from topographical features such as water distribution and offset, the faults have characteristics of left step patterns and sinistral strike-slipping movement. Based on remote sensing images along the fault zone, it can be divided into three segments called the Zhangjiakou segment, the Yanqing-Huailai segment and the Beijing-Tianjin segment, which are the same as the segments of the fault zone. The research results show that the Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault zone is a sinistral strike-slipping fault, having controlled some en-echelon left-stepped Quaternary pull-apart basins and alluvial fans and offset the NNE(NE)-striking faults. Each segment of the fault zone controlled the different scale river system distribution and morphology. The Beijing-Tianjin segment has certain control to Quaternary alluvial fans and coastal areas of cheniers. Combining the results of remote sensing interpretation with deep-seated geophysical data and field geological investigation data shows that remote sensing technique for probing spatial distribution and activity of faults has a broad application.