微量矿物中稀土钍铀锆铌钽磷的纸色层分离与测定

稀土、钍、铀、锆、铌、钽、磷等元素的分离,以纸色层方法为简易快速^1,2]。但现有方法均采用沉淀或其它方法将稀土与大部份伴生元素分离后再进行色层分离,或经多次色层达到分离,失去纸色层方法的优越性。本文为适应微量矿物分析,利用各元素氟化物溶解度不同,一些离子的盐酸络合物可被酮类、醇类等有机溶剂萃取,及它们的分配系数各有差异,选用丁醇-氢氟酸-盐酸体系进行纸上分离,使稀土与其它伴生元素达到一次分离,然后分别进行测定。

SEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF RARE-EARTHS,THORIUM,URANIUM,ZIRCONIUM,NIOBIUM,TANTALUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN MINERALS IN MICROAMOUNT BY PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD

This paper puts forward a new method for separation of rare-earths,thorium,uranium,zirconium,niobium,tantalum and phosphorus in minerals in microamount by paper chromatographic technique.Using butanol-HF-HCl-H₂O (50:3:40:7) as developer,the separation is satisfactory for the above elements.The Rf values are 0,0,0.52,0.60,0.88,0.93 and 0.84 for rare-earths,thorium,uranium,zirconium,niobium,tantalum and phosphorus respectively and determination is performed by spectrophotometry.The paper has proposed a simple and rapid method of separation and determination,permitting accurate determination of the above elements from sample of 5-10 mg.This method has been proved to be fairly successful through tests on synthetic samples and analysis of minerals.