霍城县地下水资源构成变化及驱动力分析

地下水资源构成变化及驱动力分析研究对于城市水资源的开发利用、发展规划及城市资源的管理具有实际指导意义。前人对新疆伊犁霍城县的研究多为当年水资源量，未涉及水资源构成变化的讨论。文章采用地下水均衡、数理统计及因子分析等方法，对霍城县近30年地下水资源构成变化及驱动力进行了定量研究。结果表明:1985—2014年霍城县地下水资源总体呈下降趋势，1985—1990年间为正均衡，2000—2014年演变为负均衡。同时地下水资源构成发生了深刻变化，从水均衡法得到河道和渠系入渗补给显著减少，田间入渗补给量持续增加，泉水排泄量减少22.85%，人工开采量增加15.2%；从因子分析法对比出1985—2000年较2000—2014年，水资源构成项中的主要成分与水资源总量的正负相关性发生了改变。泉水排泄量、河道入渗量、水库入渗量与水资源总量的相关性由负相关变为正相关，田间入渗补给及人工开采由正相关变为负相关；水均衡法和因子分析法对地下水资源构成变化分析结果呈现较高的相关性，结果表明人类活动对地下水资源构成产生深刻影响，是造成霍城县地下水资源变化的主要驱动力，其中灌溉面积不断增大的同时，改进灌溉方式提升灌溉水利用系数，使得田间入渗量增加速度较为平缓。人工开采使地下水位持续下降，造成泉水资源量呈阶段性衰减，同时研究区地下水位重新分布，灌溉面积及灌水总量增大，使得蒸发量增大。故而针对各驱动力提出相应节水措施对指导当地水资源的可持续利用有着重要意义。

An analysis of groundwater resources composition and driving force in Huocheng county

The analyses of the composition change and driving force of groundwater resources is of practical significance for the development and utilization of urban water resources, development planning and urban resources management. Previous studies on water resources in Huocheng County in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang focused mostly based on the water resources quantity in that year and did not involve the change in water resources composition. A quantitative study of the compositions and driving forces of groundwater resources in Huocheng County in the past 30 years is conducted. The results show that the total groundwater resources in Huocheng County show a decreasing trend from 1985 to 2014, and a positive equilibrium from 1985 to 1990, and a negative equilibrium from 2000 to 2014. At the same time, the composition of groundwater resources has changed profoundly. The infiltration recharge of the river and canal system obtained with the water balance method has decreased significantly, the infiltration recharge in the field has increased continuously, the spring discharge has decreased by 22.85%, and the artificial exploitation has increased by 15.2%. The analysis method is used to compares water resources composition from 1985 to 2000 with that from 2000 to 2014, showing that the positive and negative correlation between the main components of water resources and the total amount of water resources has changed. The correlation between the spring discharge, river infiltration, reservoir infiltration and total water resources changes from negative to positive, and the field infiltration recharge and artificial mining changed from positive to negative. The results of water balance method and factor analysis method show a high correlation to the analysis of the change in groundwater resources composition. The results also show that human activities have a profound impact on the composition of groundwater resources. It is the main driving force of groundwater resources change in Huocheng County, in which the increasing irrigation area and the improvement of irrigation method increase the utilization coefficient of irrigation water, leading to the slow increase speed of infiltration. The groundwater level decreased continuously duo to artificial exploitation, causing the spring water resources to decline in stages and the groundwater level to be redistributed, the irrigation area and the total irrigation volume to increase, making the evaporation volume increase. Therefore, it is of great significance to put forward the corresponding water-saving measures for each driving force to guide the sustainable utilization of local water resources.