土壤中14过渡矿物的特征及其地质意义

14过渡矿物是广泛发育的典型成土作用产物,其矿物学特征及含量变化不仅能记录成土时期的气候、环境条件,也可以作为这些土壤发生分类和类型区分的依据。通过对有关14过渡矿物研究成果系统全面的分析,阐明了这种过渡矿物的谱学特征、层间离子类型、鉴定依据及其成因,并在此基础上提出对14过渡矿物的鉴定实验流程。此外,高分辨透射电子显微技术的应用给14过渡矿物的研究提供了极大的保障,利用高分辨透射电子显微镜可以研究14过渡矿物的形成、转化关系。14过渡矿物对气候环境十分敏感,且形成于特征的干湿交替、适度的风化及弱酸性环境条件,因此,这种过渡矿物有望作为成土时期的气候环境代用指标。

Mineralogy and Geological Significance of 14 Intergrade Clays in Soils

The 14 intergrade clay is one of the most common soil derived clay species produced during pedogenesis process.It documents the climate and environmental conditions of the period and also can be used as the criteria for soil genesis and classification.In this paper,previous studies on 14 intergrade clay from literature are summarized,and its mineralogical characteristics,interlayer components,identification criteria,and genesis are clarified.The identification flow chart for 14clay species is proposed based on the reviews of the intergrade clay species.In addition,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) provided the powerful tool for intergrade clay investigation.Formation mechanism of intergrade clays could be investigated through HRTEM observation.This 14 intergrade clay is sensitively to climate and environmental conditions during the pedogenesis episode,especially the acidity of soils.Therefore,this intergrade clay species is a potential probe to the climate and environmental conditions of the pedogenesis period.