近20年中国主要地质灾害变化及防治特征分析

人类活动加剧，加之极端气候频繁发生，导致中国地质灾害发生风险增加，严重影响着区域社会经济的健康稳定发展。基于2000—2019年我国地质灾害数据，本文对4类主要地质灾害（滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、地面塌陷）的变化特征及其造成的生命财产损失以及防治项目与投资金额进行分析。结果表明：近20年间，强降雨引发的滑坡占比达68. 2%，是我国最主要的地质灾害；四类地质灾害造成的直接经济损失可划分成两个阶段：2000—2009年和2010—2019年，两个阶段造成的直接经济损失和人员伤亡因主要发生区域不同而存在差异；防治项目数和投资金额亦可划分成两个阶段，且二者在2010—2017年比2000—2009年均增加5倍以上。

Change and Prevention Characteristics of Main Geological Disasters in China within Recent 20 Years

With the intensification of human activities and the frequent occurrence of extreme climate, the risk of geological disasters in China has increased, which has seriously affected the healthy and stable development of regional social economy. Based on the statistical data of geological disasters from 2000 to 2019, the study analyzed the change characteristics of landslide, collapse, debris flow and ground collapse, as well as the loss of life and property, prevention and control projects and investment amount. The results show that landslides caused by heavy rainfall account for 68. 2% in recent 20 years, which is the most important geological disaster in China; The direct economic losses caused by four types of geological disasters can be divided into two stages: 2000 ~ 2009 and 2010 ~ 2019. The direct economic losses and casualties caused by the two stages vary according to the main occurrence areas; The number of prevention and control projects and investment amount can also be divided into two stages, and the two indices increased by more than five times from 2010 to 2017 than from 2000 to 2009.