贵州龙里典型喀斯特地区绿水资源耗用研究

以贵州龙里典型喀斯特地区为例，通过集成RS／GIS技术，利用生态水文评估工具中模块化生态水文综合管理系统（EcoHAT）对研究区绿水资源进行定量模拟，模拟出该区2005年10月-2006年10月像元尺度上绿水资源量，并分析了其绿水资源消耗效用。结果表明：研究区林地、草地、灌丛和农用地单位面积土壤蓄变量月均值分别为5．6mm、6．3mm、6．9mm、7．7mm；林地、草地、灌丛和农用地绿水资源单位面积年有效消耗量分别为：423．0mm、344．2mm、386．7mm、407．5mm，其中低消耗量分别为相应植被类型条件下总有效消耗量的47．0％、48．3％、52．7％、61．3％。在有效消耗量中，农用地低消耗量占较大比重，林地和草地的高效和低效消耗量相近，但草地的低消耗量大于林地。据此，认为贵州龙里典型喀斯特地区绿水资源具有较大的利用潜力。但是在今后的绿水资源利用中，必须加强调控绿水资源消耗效用，增加植被盖度，减少裸地面积，以减少绿水资源的无效消耗量；与此同时，还应调整植被结构，以减少植被棵间土壤的低效消耗量。

Consumption of green water resources in typical karst area-A case study in Longli, Guizhou

In recent years,"green water" has become a new field in ecology,hydrology and water resources. On the basis of the definition of green water resources,the consumption of green water is defined. Relying on RS and GIS technology and using the module of water cycle in the Ecohydrologic Assessment Tools (EcoHAT) and the TM data,meteorological data,the experimental observing data and vegetation as well as soil texture information,the consumption of green water in typical karst area in Longli,Guizhou is studied. The results show that there are different laws of soil moisture transport under different types of vegetation cover in woodland,grassland,shrubs and farmland. The mean soil moisture ranges monthly 5.6,6.3,6.9,7.7mm in woodland,grassland,shrubs and farmland respectively,and the valid annual consumption of green water is 423.0,344.2,386.7,407.5 mm respectively. Among them,low efficient consumption is equal to 47.0%,48.3%,52.7%,and 61.3% of the total valid consumption respectively. In the valid consumption,the low efficient consumption takes up larger part in farmland,the low and the high efficient consumptions are about equal to each other in woodland and grassland,but the low efficient consumption is larger in grassland. Accordingly,the green water should be of greater potential in Longli karst area,but it should be paid more attention to adjust the efficiency in the consumption of green water by means of increasing vegetation cover and decreasing bare land,and adjusting vegetation structure to decrease low efficient consumption by the uncovered land among the plants.