基于土地资源的市县级多要素国土空间开发适宜性评价研究——以湖北省宜昌市为例

国土空间开发适宜性评价是国土空间规划编制的重要基础，市县是落实主体功能区划的基本单元，市县级国土空间开发适宜性评价可为国土资源与空间更精细化的管理提供有效支撑。本研究从自然因素和社会经济因素两个方面构建了国土空间开发适宜性评价指标体系，对宜昌市农业生产适宜性及城镇建设适宜性进行了评价，划分出适宜、较适宜、一般适宜、较不适宜和不适宜5类区域。结果表明宜昌市适宜开展农业生产的土地面积为3412 km²，不适宜土地面积为7143 km²；适宜进行城镇建设的土地面积为748 km²，不适宜土地面积为14679 km²。农业生产和城镇建设适宜性评价结果均呈现出典型的区域特征，适宜区主要分布在东部的平原区，区域整体的国土空间开发条件好；不适宜区主要分布在西部山区，区域整体的国土空间开发难度大。适宜性评价结果与规划数据有部分出入，与土地利用现状相差不大，农业生产适宜等级的土地面积比耕地保有量红线面积多132 km²，分布于农业生产适宜和较适宜区的现状耕地占耕地总面积的73.98%；城镇建设适宜等级的土地面积比建设用地底线面积少611 km²，分布于城镇建设适宜和较适宜区的现状建设用地占建设用地总面积的77.99%。将评价结果叠加在谷歌卫星图上，在空间上观察是否与土地现状一致，结果表明农业生产适宜区的评价结果准确率达100%，不适宜区的准确率为93%；城镇建设适宜区和不适宜区评价结果准确率达100%。

Suitability evaluation of land space development based on land resources: A case study of Yichang City in Hubei Province

The suitability evaluation of the land space development is the base of the territory development plan, the city and county are the basic units to implement the main function zoning, and the suitability evaluation of land space development at the city and county level can provide effective support for the more refined management of land resources and space. In this study, the authors built the indicator system with the nature factors and social economy to evaluate the suitability of agricultural production and urban construction processes in Yichang City. Five category areas are distinguished according to the evaluation results. The results show that the land area suitable for agricultural production reaches 3412 km², while 7143 km² of land area is not suitable. Only 748 km² land area is suitable for urban construction. The results indicate that the suitable area is mainly distributed in the east area of Yichang City, whereas the western montane area is not suitable and hard for land space development. The results of the suitability evaluation are in good agreement with the present land utilization, but there are some discrepancies between the results and planning data. The suitable area for agricultural production is 132 km² larger than the reserved cultivated land. The present cultivated land distributed in the suitable and comparatively suitable areas for agricultural production accounts for 73.98% of the total cultivated land area. The suitable area for urban constructions is 611 km² less than the bottom line of construction land. The current construction land distributed in the urban construction suitable and comparatively suitable areas accounts for 73.98% of the total construction land area. Compared with the remote sense image, the accuracies of the evaluation results including agricultural production and urban construction area were analyzed, and the result shows that the accuracy of suitable area evaluation reaches 100%, while the evaluate accuracies of the unsuitable area for agricultural production and urban construction are 93% and 100%, respectively.