Groundwater exploitation and recharge rate estimation of a quaternary sand aquifer in Dar-es-Salaam area,Tanzania |
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Authors: | Ibrahimu Chikira Mjemah Marc Van Camp Kristine Martens Kristine Walraevens |
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Institution: | (1) Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), P.O. Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania;(2) Laboratory for Applied Geology and Hydrogeology, Geological Institute, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S8), 9000 Ghent, Belgium |
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Abstract: | Dar-es-Salaam City gets water supply from surface water and groundwater. The groundwater is used to supplement surface water
supply and has increasingly become a major source of water supply in the city. The study area comprises three major parts:
the central coastal plain with quaternary fluvial–deltaic sediments, the deltaic Mio-Pliocene clay-bound sands and gravels
in the northwest and southeast and the Lower Miocene fluviatile sandstones of Pugu Hills in the west of the study area. The
main objective of this study was to quantify the integrated water balance. The major source of renewable groundwater in the
aquifer is rainfall. Hence, the average recharge of 256.2 mm/year (for the year 2006) to the aquifer was estimated using the
balance method of Thornthwaite and Mather, which is equal to 99.4 hm3/year for the whole alluvial aquifer. This value was balanced with total groundwater abstraction of 8.59 hm3/year, baseflow to rivers of 75.7 hm3/year and discharge into the sea (15.11 hm3/year). |
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