差异扩散速度与晶体形态标型

本文依据矿物晶体结晶时不同结晶离子对晶体结晶的作用不同，提出了差异扩散速度控制晶体形态的观点。文中论述了差异扩散速度的产生及影响因素，指出外部因素（温度、压力、粘度、酸碱度等）是通过离子的扩散速度变化来主导占位选择和形成优势面网，最终形成反映差异扩散速度的晶体形态。用差异扩散速度来解释矿物的晶体形态标型，比较全面地考虑各种外部因素的共同作用，从而避免了文中列举的片面性。此外，文中还探讨了晶体的生长方式、优势面网的产生和产生的必要条件以及相对衍射强度与优势面网的关系。

Differential Diffusion Velocities and Morphological Typomorphic Characteristics of Crystals

This paper presents a new viewpoint that the differential diffusion velocities control crystal forms in accordance with the different influences of crystallized ions in the course of mineral crystallization, and that the generation of differential diffusion velocities is attributed to the reason that the concerted effects of external factors (consistency, temperature, pressure, pH, viscosity etc.) cause the differences in diffusion velocities of different ions and that the differential diffusion velocities of different ions lead to produce occupancy selection and dominant net in the course of mineral crystallization. The crystal form results from concerted effects of all external factors and the result, in turn, can reflect physical_chemical conditions for mineral crystallization. It is the differential diffusion velocity of each ion that controls occupancy selection and leads to form dominant net and then form crystal shape that can reflect the differential diffusion velocity of each ion. If we probe into morphological typomorphic characteristics of crystals and study physical_chamical conditions of mineral crystallization by ascertaining dominant net and analysing external factors that affect diffusion velocity, we can comprehensively consider all influences of external factors and avoid partiality enumerated in this paper. Furthermore, morphological typomorphic characteristics of such minerals as pyrite and fluorite are surveyed on the basis of differential diffusion velocity. In addition, the manner of growth of crystal and relationship between relative intensity of powder diffraction and dominant net are discussed in this paper.