淮河流域安徽段土壤重金属元素分布特征研究

通过有限的土壤监测点位如何科学地反映一个区域的土壤环境质量,是目前土壤环境监测领域研究的一个主要方向。本文以淮河流域安徽段为研究区域,针对5个主要土壤污染类型在连续五年内开展了土壤环境质量监测,监测项目为土壤中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni等8种重金属元素,采用单项污染指数和内梅罗污染指数法对426个监测点位评价,采用克里金插值法绘出区域土壤中各重金属元素分布图。从评价结果来看,淮河流域安徽段土壤环境质量总体较为安全,96.48%的调查地块属于清洁和尚清洁水平,但是个别点位超标严重;从评价区域中重金属分布情况来看,各重金属总体含量均较低,局部区域略高。本文采用分类型专项监测的方法,探讨通过土壤点位监测结果反映区域分布特征,具有重要的应用意义,该方法适用于对大区域土壤环境质量的初步调查研究。

Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Soils of the Anhui Section of the Huaihe River Basin

How to scientifically reflect the soil environmental quality of a large area through limited soil point monitoring is a major direction of current research. The Huaihe River Basin in Anhui Province was selected as the study area and soil environmental quality monitoring for five major soil pollution types during five consecutive years was conducted. The monitoring project includes Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni in the soil. The single pollution index and Nemerow pollution index methods were used to evaluate 426 monitoring sites. The Kriging interpolation method was used to plot the distribution of heavy metal elements in regional soil. In general, the soil environmental quality of the Anhui section of the Huaihe River Basin is relatively safe according to the evaluation results. 96.48% of the surveyed sites belong to clean and relatively clean levels, but some sites were severe. According to the distribution of heavy metal elements in the evaluation area, the overall content is low and the local area is slightly higher. The method of special type monitoring was applied and the characteristics of regional distribution through soil point monitoring results are discussed. The proposed method has great application potential. This method is suitable for preliminary investigation and research of large-scale environmental quality of soil.