萤石典型产品国际贸易竞争格局演变

萤石作为一种重要的非金属战略性矿产资源,受到各国(地区)的高度重视。由于全球萤石资源储量有限、分布不均,萤石产品的供需矛盾不断增强,激化了萤石资源进出口之间的竞争。本文主要研究了萤石资源国际贸易,以无机氟化工产业链为切入点,选取酸级萤石、电子级氢氟酸、六氟磷酸锂为研究对象,运用复杂网络方法,构建了2000—2020年全球萤石产品进口竞争网络,分析其格局、演变特征,国家(地区)间竞争特点以及中国萤石产品的竞争状况。结果发现:全球萤石产品之间的竞争越来越激烈,各阶段的累积度分布都遵循幂律分布。竞争强度占比前20%的国家(地区)显示出更直观的集中化趋势。近20年来美国一直是酸级萤石进口竞争的矛盾中心。电子级氢氟酸和六氟磷酸锂的进口竞争网络的核心国家(地区)是不断演变的。建议中国等萤石资源储量丰富的国家(地区),合理规划萤石产业,优化萤石资源供需格局、促进萤石产业健康可持续发展。

The Evolution of the International Trade Competition Pattern of Fluorite Typical Products

As an important non-metallic strategic mineral resource, fluorite is highly valued by all countries (regions). Due to the limited reserves and uneven distribution of global fluorite resources, the contradiction between supply and demand of fluorite products continues to increase, which intensifies the competition between the import and export of fluorite resources. This paper mainly studies the international trade of fluorite resources, takes the inorganic fluorine chemical industry chain as the entry point, selects acid-grade fluorite, electronic grade hydrofluoric acid, lithium hexafluorophosphate as the research objects, and uses complex network methods to construct a global fluorite product import competition network from 2000 to 2020, and analyzes its pattern, evolution characteristics, inter-country (region) competition characteristics and the competitive situation of China''s fluorite products. The results show that the competition between global fluorite products is becoming more and more intense, and the cumulative distribution of each stage follows the power law distribution. Countries (regions) in the top 20% of competition intensity show a more intuitive trend towards centralization.For nearly two decades, the United States has been the center of contradiction in the competition for acid-grade fluorite imports. The core countries (regions) of the import competition network for electronic grade hydrofluoric acid and lithium hexafluorophosphate are constantly evolving. It is recommended that China and other countries (regions) with rich fluorite resource reserves rationally plan the fluorite industry, optimize the supply and demand pattern of fluorite resources, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the fluorite industry.