滇东北镇雄硫磺矿区环境地质问题及其对策与意义

硫磺渣是硫磺矿区主要的矿业固废,其随意堆放可产生一系列的环境地质问题,并对山水林田湖草等自然资源、环境及人的健康构成较大危害。滇东北地区长期以硫铁矿为原料、以煤炭为燃料,土法炼硫生产硫磺,导致巨量硫磺渣堆积,产生了严重的环境地质问题。本文针对该地区镇雄县硫磺矿区,调查了小硫磺生产形成硫磺渣的规模和特征,梳理了该硫磺矿区主要环境地质问题及其对当地生态环境的影响,认为目前镇雄硫磺矿区存在的环境污染、自然资源破坏及可能形成的矿渣性泥石流等环境地质现状与过去40多年的小硫磺生产密切相关。基于以上认识,强调应结合矿业固废无害化、减量化和资源化技术政策,从资源回收利用、生态环境恢复、地质灾害防治和文化遗产保护方面探讨和提出镇雄硫磺矿区矿渣治理和生态修复的新理念和新对策。

Environmental Geological Problems in Zhenxiong Sulfur Mining Area of Northeast Yunnan Province and Their Countermeasures and Significance

Sulfur waste, as a primary solid waste in the sulfur mine area, often generates a series of environmental geological problems, which threaten the environmental aspects such as mountain, water, forest, lake and grass and the human health. Northeastern Yunnan Province is rich in pyrite and coal resources. Sulfur waste from traditional smelting sulfur has resulted in severe problems of environmental geology in this area. In this paper, the characteristics and scale of sulfur waste from mining and traditional smelting sulfur in Zhenxiong County of northeastern Yunnan Province were investigated to discuss the environmental pollution, the damage of natural resources, and the geological disaster resulting from the accumulation of sulfur waste (mine slag). Finally, in combination with the policy of harmless reduction and recycling of mining solid waste and in view of resource recycling, restoration of ecology and environment, prevention and treatment of geological disaster and protection of cultural heritage, the authors put forward some suggestions.