锆石微量元素及其揭示的深部过程

近十年来对锆石研究已从早期的U-Pb放射性同位素定年和锆石同位素分析，发展到大量研究锆石的微量元素。锆石微量元素不仅可以作为锆石Ti温度计估算岩浆温度，也可以用来识别锆石及其母岩的岩石类型和成因，区分岩浆熔体或者流体控制的岩浆作用、变质作用、成矿作用等深部作用过程。文中在归纳总结岩浆锆石、变质锆石、热液锆石、碎屑锆石等不同类型锆石的微量元素成分基础上，以青藏高原碰撞后超钾质岩石中产出的锆石为例，系统介绍了超钾质岩石中各类锆石的结构、年龄和微量元素特征，并应用于解释超钾质岩石成因、岩浆源区成分、岩浆演化和上部地壳物质的混染、下地壳加厚和高原隆升之间的关系。

Zircon trace elements and their use in probing deep processes.

Zircon research has been well developed in the past 10 years, from simple U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis to detailed investigation of major and trace elements in various types of zircons. Trace elements in zircons were used not only for estimating magma temperatures by Ti thermometer or identifying rock type and origin, but also for discriminating magmatic, metamorphic and mineralization processes likely controlled by magmatic melts or hydrothermal fluids during zircon crystallization. In this review, we first summarized the major features (texture and trace elemental contents) of magmatic, metamorphic, hydrothermal and detrital zircons. We then carried out a case study on zircons from the post-collisional ultrapotassic rock from southern Tibetan Plateau. We presented the structures, ages and trace elemental characteristics of various types of zircons from ultrapotassic rock and used these zircon characteristics to explain the petrogenesis of ultrapotassic rock, compositions of magma source regions, crustal contamination during magma evolutionary processes, and relationship between lower crust thickening and plateau uplifting.