中国贵金属矿床的基本成矿规律与找矿方向

通过对近年来贵金属矿床勘查进展及其主要类型、主要成矿时代、主要矿集区等的分析与归纳,总结了中国金矿床、银矿床和铂族元素矿床的基本成矿规律,并提出它们各自的找矿方向。中国金矿床类型多,主要形成于中生代和新生代,集中在胶东、辽东、华北地台边缘、小秦岭、阿尔泰、金沙江-红河断裂带、台湾和东南沿海、滇黔桂、陕甘川及长江、黑龙江等主要水系的上游,金矿的找矿方向包括:①老矿区的"探边摸底"和"攻深找盲";②新矿集区的典型研究与采选冶技术改进;③综合利用技术的创新将使相当多的表外矿变为当前可开采的矿床;④新区勘查;⑤加强成矿系列、成矿体系和成矿规律的研究,以理论指导找矿并综合评价。中国银矿以伴生银矿为主,主要形成于中生代和新生代,变质岩、岩浆岩和沉积岩均可容矿,造山带和盆地区的构造破碎带尤其值得重视。当前需要加强对锰矿区含银性和Mn异常区的研究,尤其是中国东部中新生代盆地区断裂带与Mn、Ag化探异常吻合地区,应该综合评价。中国铂族元素矿床可以分为岩浆型、沉积型和热液型三大类,可形成于从前寒武纪到新生代的各个时代,至少构成8个重要成矿远景区(带),重点放在康滇地轴和二叠纪末期峨眉地幔柱影响到的地区,但华北地台老基底中的原生矿及其周边的砂矿不可忽视。

Basic patterns of metallogenesis of precious metal deposits in China and vectors for prospecting

We have analyzed and summarized the development of exploration of precious metal deposits in China in recent years;their major types,major metallogenic epochs and areas of main concentration of these deposits.On this basis,we summarize the basic metallogenic patterns of gold,silver and platinum group elements(PGE)deposits in China and put forward a prospecting methodology for each of these precious metal deposits.Gold deposits in China consist of various types,and were mainly formed in the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic,and concentrated in Jiaodong,Xiaoqinling,Altay,Jinshajiang-Honghe,Taiwan and southeastern margin of continent,in the Heilongjiang and Yangtze River areas,Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi provinces and Shaanxi-Gansu-Sichuan provinces,etc.Silver deposits in China are usually associated with other metals and also formed mainly in the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic.They are hosted by metamorphic,magmatic and sedimentary rocks in orogenic and basin areas,are generally fault or fracture-controlled.At present,the prospecting potential for silver deposits is in manganese deposits and Mn anomalous areas,especially in the Cenozoic basins in East China.PGE deposits are of three major types:magmatic,sedimentary and hydrothermal.There are at least eight important metallogenic prospective regions with different geological environment and metallogenic conditions,leading to different prospecting methods.