我国油气资源潜力、分布及重点勘探领域

我国地质结构具有3大板块、3大构造域多旋回构造演化特征,造就多种类型叠合沉积盆地,构成克拉通+前陆、断陷+坳陷、前陆+坳陷3种主要类型。大型叠合盆地是油气资源分布与勘探开发主体。我国常规与非常规油气资源十分丰富,常规石油地质资源量1 075×10⁸ t,常规天然气地质资源量83×10¹² m³;致密油地质资源量134×10⁸ t,致密砂岩气地质资源量21×10¹² m³,页岩油地质资源量335×10⁸ t,页岩气地质资源量56×10¹² m³。陆上油气资源主要分布于渤海湾(陆上)、松辽、鄂尔多斯、塔里木、四川、准噶尔、柴达木7大盆地。海域油气资源主要分布于渤海湾(海域)、东海及南海北部的珠江口、北部湾、莺歌海、琼东南6大盆地。未来我国油气勘探应始终坚持“资源战略,稳油增气”战略,坚持“非常并进、海陆统筹”积极进取勘探思路;常规勘探领域,陆上地层-岩性、前陆、海相碳酸盐岩与潜山领域;海域为渤海海域构造与基岩潜山,深水构造与岩性;非常规油气主要是立足陆上7大含油气盆地,立足致密油气与页岩油气,强化勘探开发与技术配套。

Petroleum resource potential,distribution and key exploration fields in China

Geological structures in China developed as the results of multi-cycle tectonic evolution of three plates and three tectonic domains, and several types of superimposed sedimentary basins are formed, such as craton/foreland, rift/depression and foreland/depression superimposed basins. The country's major petroleum resources are concentrated in the large superimposed basins. Rich in conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources, China has 1075×10⁸ t of conventional oil, 83×10¹² m³ of conventional natural gas, 134×10⁸ t of tight oil, 21×10¹² m³ of tight sandstone gas, 335×10⁸ t of shale oil, and 56×10¹² m³ of shale gas reserves. Onshore oil and gas resources are mainly distributed in Bohai Bay (onshore), Songliao, Ordos, Tarim, Sichuan, Junggar and Qaidam basins, while offshore oil and gas resources are mainly distributed in Bohai Bay (offshore) and East China Sea, and in Pearl River Estuary, Beibu Gulf, Yinggehai, and Qiongdongnan basins, northern South China Sea. In future, China's oil and gas exploration should adhere to the “secure resources supply, stabilize oil production, increase gas production” strategy and the proactive exploration idea, that is “develop conventional and unconventional resources in parallel, plan sea and land as a whole”. The key areas for conventional oil and gas exploration in China are stratigraphic-lithologic traps, foreland basins, marine carbonate reservoirs, and buried hills for onshore oil; carbonate reservoirs and foreland basins for onshore gas; marine strata and bedrock buried-hills of Bohai Sea for offshore oil; and deep-water lithologic traps and marine strata of South China Sea for offshore gas. And unconventional oil and gas exploration is to focus on the seven onshore oil and gas basins with tight oil and shale oil/gas resource potentials, and technical support for exploration and development should be strengthened.