4·20芦山地震次生山地灾害与减灾对策

4·20芦山地震不仅造成了特大地震灾害，同时还诱发大量的次生山地灾害，主要类型包括崩塌、滑坡、滚石、落石、堰塞湖和泥石流等。这些次生灾害不仅造成重大人员伤亡，还阻塞救援道路，延缓了救援进度。地震诱发的大量崩塌、滑坡为泥石流活动提供丰富物源，将促进泥石流活跃，在后期暴雨作用下产生严重的泥石流灾害。通过初步分析，提出了地震区山地灾害应急减灾对策，包括应急排查、监测预警、临时安置场所危险性评估、省道210线应急防护；并提出了地震区恢复重建中的减灾对策，包括提高山区城镇的防护能力，加强村寨聚落防灾能力，加强山地灾害监测预警，道路恢复重建中的减灾措施以及加强对流域漂木防治。

Secondary mountain disasters induced by the 4 · 20 Lushan earthquake and disaster mitigation

Extraordinary earthquake disasters were caused by the 4·20 Lushan Earthquake,and meanwhile a great number of secondary mountain disasters whose main types include collapse,landslide,rolling stone,rockfalls,dammed lakes,debris flow,etc.had been induced by the earthquake.Not merely did these secondary disasters result in heavy casualties but also blocked road for rescue service,which retarded the relieving progress.Large quantities of collapses and landslides induced by the earthquake supplied debris flow with abundant material sources which is a big stimulus for yielding catastrophic debris flow hazards under heavy rain in the later days.Through preliminary analysis,the strategies for hazard mitigation were given,which included emergency investigation,monitoring and warning,risk assessment of temporary shelters,and protection countermeasure of provincial 210 line;strategies for hazard mitigation in the restoration and reconstruction after disasters were also proposed,which involved improving self-protection ability of the towns in mountains,reinforcing self-protection ability of village settlements,reinforcing monitoring and warning system in mountain hazards,the disasters mitigation in road rebuilt and reinforcing prevention of float timber disaster in watershed.