锗的地球化学及资源储备展望

锗是众多高新技术领域的重要原材料,随着无人驾驶、5G、太阳能电池和催化剂等产业的飞速发展,锗在中国及全球未来需求量将十分巨大,在国民经济建设中具有重要地位,许多国家将其作为国家重要战略资源进行严格控制、管理和储备,因此,锗资源的地质勘探和战略储备是今后国家持续发展的重要需要。文章总结了锗的地球化学性质、晶体化学及矿物学、地球化学行为控制因素、全球富锗矿床类型等,根据我国锗资源特征,结合"川滇黔铅锌矿集区"内多数矿床中锗超常富集普遍现象,提出该区可作为中国锗资源战略储备基地,具有巨大潜在经济价值。开展"川滇黔铅锌矿集区"锗超常富集机理研究,不仅可以补充和完善锗地球化学行为的科学内容,提供认识该区铅锌成矿作用的重要地球化学信息,更重要的是为地质勘探的深入和综合利用该区锗资源提供科学依据,从而为建立中国锗资源战略储备基地提供实际地质地球化学支撑。虽然中国是全球最大的锗生产国和出口国,但其产品多为初级产品,加强锗产品深加工研发不仅具有广阔的前景,也将是中国锗资源综合利用发展趋势。

Geochemistry of germanium and its resources reserves

1 State key Lab of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou, China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3 College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China) Abstract Germanium is one of the important industrial raw materials in many high-tech fields. With the rapid development of driverless technology, 5G communication technology, solar cell, and catalyzer industry, the demand of germanium both in China and abroad will increase rapidly in the future. As one of the national important strategic resources, germanium has been controlled strictly, managed, and preserved by most of countries, showing that the geological exploration and strategic reserve of germanium resources constitute national strategic needs for national sustainable development. The geochemical properties, crystal chemistry and mineralogy, geochemical behavior and its control of germanium, and the global germanium-rich deposit types are summarized in this paper. The germanium is abundant in most of Pb-Zn deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic province and exhibits a huge economic value, and the authors hold that this metallogenic province can be listed as a strategic germanium resources base in China. Researches on the mechanism of germanium unconventional concentration in the area will not only be beneficial for understanding the germanium geochemical behavior in Pb-Zn mineralization and provide important geochemical information for understanding the lead-zinc mineralization in the area, but also provide geological and geochemical evidence for the geological exploration and comprehensive utilization of germanium resources in this area. Although China is the largest producer and exporter of germanium in the world, most of its products belong to primary products. Therefore, the development of germanium deep processing not only has broad prospects, but also will be the development trend of comprehensive utilization of germanium resources in China.