生态模型在河口管理中的应用研究综述

河口作为河流和海洋的交汇地,具有生态交错带特性,其在自然和人类活动双重压力下发生着演变.生态模型是研究生态系统结构、功能及其时空演变规律以及生物过程对于生态系统的影响及其反馈机制的重要手段.采用不同方法对生态模型进行分类,综述各类生态模型的特性、优缺点及应用领域.讨论建模过程中模型变量与函数、模型整合及时空尺度、模型参数取值及不确定等关键技术问题.分析各类生态模型在河口生态工程设计、生态系统修复、生态系统评价、系统决策支持等管理领域的应用.尽管中国河口生态模型构建及应用已有一些成果,但与国外相比,在理论生态学及数据积累方面仍有一定差距.

Advances in applied ecological models for estuarine management

Estuaries are transitional water zones as functional ecotones connecting rivers and oceans. Both of natural forces and human activities drive estuarine ecosystems variations. Ecological modeling plays a significant role in studying structure and function of ecosystem, simulating processes of ecosystem succession, and understanding response and feedback of biological processes on ecosystem. Hear we review different type of ecological models, and presents their features, strengths and weaknesses, as well as how apply these models to real world problems. Some critical technical questions are discussed, such as variables and functional types of model, model coupling and spatio-temporal scale, as well as parameter determination and uncertainty analysis. In particular, some instances are illustrated to demonstrate how to apply numerical models to serve estuarine integrated management schemes, including ecological engineering design, ecosystem restoration, ecosystem assessment, and system decision support. Although the ecological modeling research in China has made some processes including their applications, there is still a gap in some respects needed to be improved.