中国流域水污染控制分区方法与应用

针对中国以往的流域分区方法主观性较强,尤其是对水污染控制单元的划分方法不统一,划分依据不充分等特点,提出了"流域-控制区-控制单元"三级分区体系,采取定性和定量分析相结合的方法进行流域水污染控制分区研究,重点在控制单元层面构建了层次分析模型,以区县为单元基于汇水特征、城镇布局、工业布局和农业布局4个因素进行评分比较,筛选区县主导排污去向,作为将其划入某一或某几个控制单元的依据。以松花江流域为例,将松花江流域划为三大控制区,33个控制单元,其中莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗在内的10个区县被拆分到两个或两个以上的单元,基于流域自然汇水特征,且充分体现流域水污染防治重点和方向,重点落实地方政府治污目标、责任和任务,为中国流域水污染防治规划的科学制定与实施提供重要依据。

Zoning methodology and application to China's watersheds for water pollution control

The existing methods for watershed zoning have tended to be very subjective in China. This is especially true for the zoning of the water pollution control-unit, resulting from the lack of unified zoning methodologies and regulations.Aiming at this problem, a three-level zoning system or the watershed-control regions-control units system is proposed in the study.The system adopts a combined approach of qualitative and quantitative methods for the zoning study of watershed pollution control.An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model will be constructed at the control-unit level, which is the central piece of the system.Based on four factors, i.e. catchment characteristics, urban distribution, industrial distribution and agricultural distribution, a watershed is divided into various control units according to the main direction of various discharge sources.The system is applied to the Songhua River watershed as a study case.The whole watershed is ultimately divided into three control regions and thirty-three control-units.It is noted that ten counties including Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner, are divided into two or more control units.The proposed system for the zoning study of watershed pollution control in China is based on the nature of basin catchments and fully embodies the focus and direction for the management of watershed pollution control.It sets up the implementing targets and spells out the responsibilities and missions for local governments.It thus could provide the basis and guarantee for scientifically planning and implementing watershed pollution control plans in China.